Principles Of Ecology And Field Biology Essay - 1621 Words

Principles of Ecology and Field Biology (BIO 200) Laboratory on Life Table Analysis Analysis 1. Login to Canvas and go to the Bio 200 page. 2. Click on the ‘Life Table Analysis’ file. 3. Pull up the data from the current year (also on Canvas), and enter it in the appropriate folder. Enter data for pre-1940 males, pre-1940 females, post-1940 males, and post-1940 females separately. That is, you are going to create four separate life tables. 4. Click on the ‘Calculate Statistics’ button to analyze each set of data individually. 5. The software takes our static data and uses it to construct what appears to be a cohort life table (the table appears to follow one set of individuals from birth to death). The columns in your life tables, and their meanings, are as follows. 1x – shows the total number of individuals alive at the beginning of the time interval. The values of L represent the average no. of individuals alive during the interval and are calculated by (lx + lx+1)/2. The values in the L(%) column are the values of L divided by the total of the L column and multiplied by 100. In other words, L(%) represents the estimated age structure of the population (the percentage of the population in each age group). Q – (should be qx) is the mortality rate during each time interval; E – (should be ex) is the number of years of expected life for individuals alive during that time interval. 6. You will need to calculate an S (standardized survivorship) column for eachShow MoreRelatedZoology Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand descriptions of animals, but during the 12th century it began to emerge as a science. Perhaps the most important naturalist of the era was the German scholar St Albertus Magnus, who denied many of the superstitions associated with biology and reintroduced the work of Aristotle. The anatomical studies of Leonardo da Vinci were far in advance of the age. 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Ultimately, I changed all methods of studying and attitude towards school and my GPA went up exponential. I knew getting my undergrad in biology was something I always wanted to do and I wanted to succeed in it. I found an utmost respect and love for knowledge that I never had before, and it motivated me to do betterRead MoreYeah717 W ords   |  3 Pagesseveral disciplines involved in environmental science. Environmental Science is the study of how the natural world works and how humans and the environment interact. Environmental Science in an interdisciplinary field which requires expertise from ecology, earth science, chemistry, biology, economics, political science, demography, ethics, and others. Contrast the two meanings of science. Now name three applications of science. One description of science is a systematic process for learning about

Beneatha as a paradigm for African American Women in A...

In Lorraine Hansberry’s 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun a number of social issues are both explicitly and subtly exemplified through out the characters experiences and relationships. Living in a cramped Chicago apartment, the Youngers’ display both influential goals and conflicting restraints. Beneatha Youngers is a controversial character; she complicates society’s typical gender roles, introduces the wrestle between assimilation and ancestry of African-Americans, but specifically serves as a paradigm for her generation in the play. When Beneatha is first introduced in the play, we see her waking up on a regular morning; she is living under the same confined circumstances as the rest of the characters. Prior to Beneatha’s entrance, the†¦show more content†¦She makes it clear she has acquired a higher education with her word choice and her ability to smoothly blend her Mid-Western accent, that at the same time she has not seemed to unfasten. As we s ee from her first entrance, Beneatha is a loud and outspoken character. She is a single young female living in a home with Ruth and Mama. Quite similar as characters, they share traditional values and believe women should care for the wellbeing of their family. Ruth and Mama take pride in doing domestic service work as their source of income and are continuously seen putting their children’s needs before theirs. Hansberry uses Beneatha’s character to contradict these values and introduce a character with modern feminist views. Beneatha fiercely fires back to anyone who questions her life goals. She is constantly found bickering with Walter about her dream of becoming a doctor. She is reminded by him that â€Å"girls† shouldn’t be doctors. Beneatha voices her feelings on male dependency when she mentions to Mama and Ruth â€Å"Listen, I’m going to be a doctor. I’m not worried about who I’m going to marry yet - if I ever get marriedâ € , and they respond with a shocked â€Å"if!†(50). The idea of a woman not wanting to get married was shocking to Mama and Ruth. Beneatha feels that she does not need to be dependent on a man; she has one goal, to become a doctor. She does not need a man in her life, she feels perfectlyShow MoreRelated Stereotypes and Identity in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun3301 Words   |  14 Pagesdescribes a â€Å"deferred† dream as a sun-dried raisin, depicting the dream originally as a fresh grape that now has dried up and â€Å"turned black† (Jemie 63). This idea provides Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun with its basic foundation, for it is a play about a house full of unfulfilled dreams. As the poem goes on, Hughes depicts the idea of a deferred dream as something rotten or gone bad. According to Onwuchekwa Jemie, this may be an allusion to the American Dream and its empty promises (JemieRead MoreAmerican Dream in a Raisin in the Sun4319 Words   |  18 Pageselse, in the same perspective, people mistake Beneatha for somebody she is not especially because of her hair, her nigerian clothes gifted onto her by Asagai. As they consider her to be who she is not, they will expect or even compel her to behave as the one they mistake her for 2. One’s Own Conception on Identity The poem â€Å"Harlem† captures the tension between the need for black expression and the impossibility of that expression because of American society’s oppression of its black population

Spiritual Teachers Free Essays

Great Spiritual Masters and Teachers Written by Devon Love Sections on Babaji, How To Pick   Or Not Pick) A Spiritual Teacher, and Conclusion written by Christine Breese, D. D. Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Spiritual Teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now D. Introduction Throughout time, many spiritual masters have offered teachings in service to humanity. Many who have been inclined toward self realization have, through a wide variety of different paths, reached this goal and gone on   to teach others. This process remains a mystery to and yet many people at some point in their lives begin to question who they are and seek out teachings to help them answer this question. There  are  multitudes  of   different  ways  that  spiritual  information  is  passed  on  and  shared  with  others. In  this  course  we  will  explore  the   many  different  categories  of  spiritual  masters  and  teachers  throughout  recorded  history. Review Of Literature (Exam  questions  are  not  drawn  from  the  Review  Of  Literature  section. )   Tao  Te  Ching  (1963)  translated  by  D. C. Lau  from  Lao  Tsu’s  original  words  is  a  translation  of  the  Chinese   classic. The   Tao   Te   Ching   rings   clearly   through   the   ages   as   a   Great   Pearl   of   timeless   Wisdom. All   serious   metaphysicians   should   study   this   work,   and   meditate   on   its   teachings. Like   all   great   spiritual   texts,   the   Tao   Te   Ching,  when  deeply  contemplated,  reveals  the  true  nature  of  the  universe. Peace   Is   Every   Step:   The   Path   Of   Mindfulness   In   Everyday   Life   (1991)   by   Thich   Nhat   Hahn   is   a   wonderful   book. Thich  Nhat  Hahn  is  a  Zen  Buddhist  monk  whose  teachings  come  straight  from  the  heart. Those  who  have   discovered   his   work   have   likely   been   transformed   by   it. His   words   are   filled   with   compassion,   humility,   and   purity. In  Peace  Is  Every  Step,  Te  (teacher)  as  his  students  refer  to  him,  teaches  of  awakening  to  the  joy  of  now,  the   loving  presence  of  life. He  speaks  of  finding  joy  and  peace  wherever  one  is,  in  looking  at  flowers,  at  the  blue  sky, or  into  the  eyes  of  a  child. Thich  Nhat  Hahn’s  teachings  apply  to  everyone,  and  this  simple  book  is  an  excellent   introduction  to  his  work. The   Miracle   Of   Mindfulnes   (1975)   by   Thich   Nhat   Hahn   is   another   beautiful   gem   arising   from   the   consciousness   of   Te,   this   is   a   Zen   masterpiece,   reminding   us   in   simple,   economical,   and   flowing   words   of   the   wisdom  of  being  present  to  life. Using  anecdotes  from  his  life,  Te  tells  us  to  wake  up  and  consciously  experience   each  moment  as  the  precious  gift  that  it  is. From  washing  dishes  to  drinking  a  cup  of  tea,  he  encourages  us  to  be   fully   present,   awake,   and   aware,   to   be   fully   in   our   bodies,   and   experiencing   the   actual   physical   sensations   of   breathing  and  movement  in  these  acts,  this  being  the  key  to  fully  realizing  ourselves. The  Heart  Of  Buddha? s  Teachings:Transforming,  Suffering  Into  Peace,  Joy,  And  Liberation  (1998),  by  Thich  Naht   Hahn,   presents   the   teachings   of   Buddha   in   a   simple   and   lovely   way. His   understanding   and   interpretation   of   these  teachings  is  flawless. He  speaks  of  his  own  relationship  with  suffering,  and  how  he  merged  with  Buddha   through  this. He  goes  to  the  heart  of  Buddha’s  teachings  on  suffering  and  non? suffering,  misery  and  happiness,   and   how   these   each   exist   only   with   the   presence   of   the   other. From   chapter   1:   Buddha   was   not   a   god. He   was   a   human  being  like  you  and  me,  and  he  suffered  just  as  we  do. If  we  go  to  the  Buddha  with  our  hearts  open,  he  will  look  at  us,   his   eyes   filled   with   compassion,   and   say,   â€Å"Because   there   is   suffering   in   your   heart,   it   is   possible   for   you   to   enter   my   heart. †¦If   you   have   experienced   hunger,   you   know   that   h aving   food   is   a   miracle. If  you  have  suffered  from  the  cold,  you   know   the   preciousness   of   warmth. When   you   have   suffered,   you   know   how   to   appreciate   the   elements   of   paradise   that  are   present. If  you  dwell  only  in  your  suffering,  you  will  miss  paradise. Don? t  ignore  your  suffering,  but  don? t  forget  to  enjoy   the  wonders  of  life,  for  your  sake  and  for  the  benefit  of  many  beings. The  Art  Of  Happiness:  A  Handbook  For  Living  (1998)  by  His  Holiness  the  Dalai Lama  with  Howard  C. Cutler   M. D. s   a   collaboration   between   H. H. the   Dalai   Lama,   the   spiritual   leader   of   Tibet,   and   Dr. Cutler,   a   psychiatrist. These  two  people  broke  the  barriers  between  spiri tuality  and  psychology  in  order  to  help  people  realize  happiness. The  perspective  in  the  book  alternates  between  the  understanding  of  a  Western  psychiatrist,  and  the  understanding   of  a  Tibetan  spiritual  leader,  through  a  conversation  in  which  each  attempts  to  understand  the  other. The  outcome  is   a  rich  dialogue  of  great  importance,  which  explores  questions  such  as†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Is  happiness  truly  possible?   and†¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How   is  it  that  we  find  happiness? †Ã‚  If  you  are  seeking  happiness,  this  book  is  recommended. Ethics  For  The  New  Millennium  (1999)  by  His  Holiness  The  Dalai  Lama  is  a  book  dedicated  toward  the  task   of  right  living. An  excerpt  from  chapter  1  reads  as  follows:   We  have,  in  my  view,  created  a  society  in  which  people  find   it  harder  and  harder  to  show  one  another  basic  affection. In  place  of  the  sense  of  community  and  belonging,  which  we  find   Great  Spiritual  Masters  Ã‚  Teachers  Ã‚ ©2005  University  Of  Metaphysical  Sciences   1 uch  a  reassuring  feature  of  less  wealthy  (and  generally  rural)  societies,  we  find  a  high  a  degree  of  loneliness  and  alienation. Despite  the  fact  that  millions  live  in  close  proximity  to  one  another,  it  seems  that  many  people,  especially  among  the  old,  have   no  one  to  talk  to  but  their  pets. Modern  industrial  society  often  strikes  me  as  being  like  a  huge  self? propelled  machine. Instead   of  human  beingsà ‚  in  charge,  each  individual  is  a  tiny,  insignificant  component  with  no  choice  but  to  move  when  the  machine   moves. Around  this  observation,  H. H. the  Dalai  Lama  offers  a  cure  for  what  ails  us. This  is  an  excellent  book,  and   a  great  follow? up  to  The  Art  Of  Happiness. Rumi  as  translated  by  Coleman  Barks  in  The  Essential  Rumi  (2001)  is  an  exquisite  translation  to  read. Here we  find  the  poetry  of  Rumi,  and  if  you  have  not  experienced  his  work,  there  is  nothing  to  do  but  drink  from  the   fountain:  Ã‚   The  Many  Wines   God  has  given  us  a  dark  wine  so  potent  that,  drinking  it,  we  leave  the  two  worlds. God  has  put  into  the  form  of  hashish  a  power  to  deliver  the  taster  from  self? consciousness. God  has  made  sleep  so  that  it  erases  every  thought. God  made  Manjun  love  Layla  so  much  that  just  her  dog  would  cause  confusion  in  him. There  are  thousands  of  wines  that  can  take  over  our  minds. Don? t  think  all  ecstasies  are  the  same! Jesus  was  lost  in  his  love  for  God. His  donkey  was  drunk  with  barley. Drink  from  the  presence  of  saints,  not  from  those  other  jars. Every  object,  every  being,  is  a  jar  full  of  joy? from  The  Essential  Rumi   Guru  For  The  Aquarian  Age:  The  Life  And  Teachings  Of  Guru  Nanak  (1996)  by  Steve  Gilbar  and  Partnatma   Singh   talks   about   a   particular   guru   named   Nanak. From   the   introduction   by   Yogi   Bajan:   Guru   Nanak   served   humanity  by  openly  teaching  this  technique  of  awareness  in  order  to  bring  men  out  from  the  pit  of  hell  into  which  they  had   been  dragged  by  the  blind,  ritualistic,  self? centered,  spiritual  egoists  of  that  dark  age. He  gave  men  freedom  of  the  spirit  and   took  away  the  domination  of  these  Ã¢â‚¬Å"middlemen. †Ã‚  Humanity  had  committed  the  error  time  and  time  again  of  worshiping  the   man   rather   than   the   truth   he   represents. Guru   Nanak   taught   that   it   is   God   who   prevails   through   demand   and   the   man? owever   great   he   may   be? is   only   the   channel,   the   instrument   for   the   flow   of   Divine   Wisdom. Men   are   meant   to   praise   God,   and   to   teach   others   to   do   so,   not   to   become   objects   of   worship   themselves. Thus,   Guru   Nanak   reestablished   righteousness  and  the  path  to  glory  in  his  own  time. He  made  mankind  understand  the  basic  law  of  life:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nanak  nam  Chardi   kala,  tere  bhane  sarbat  ka  bhala,†Ã‚  keep  up  and  wish  good  to  all. Isis  Unveiled:  Secrets  Of  The  Ancient  Wisdom  Traditions,  Madame  Blavatsky? s  First  Work,  A  New  Abridgment   For   Today   (1997)   by   Helena   P. Blavatsky,   abridged   by   Michael   Gomes   is   a   classic. Helena   Blavatsky   was   a   spiritual  adventurer  and  metaphysician  who  founded  the  Theosophical  Society,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A  world  organization  dedicated  to   fellowship   among   all   peoples   and   encouragement   of   the   study   of   religion,   philosophy,   and   science. † In   this   voluminous   book,  Blavatsky  endeavors  to  reveal  the  truth  underlying  the  ancient  mystery  teachings  found  in  many  cultures. Though   the   original   is   difficult   to   read,   the   abridged   edition   is   much   more   accessible. If   one   is   serious   about   metaphysics,  theosophy,  Egyptology,  and  mystery  school  teachings,  this  is  a  must  read. Hildegard   Von   Bingen’s   Mystical   Visions:   Translated   From   Scivias   (1995)   translated   by   Bruce   Hozeski   is   all   about  Hildegard  Von  Bingen,  an  eleventh  century  mystical  visionary  who  had  begun  to  have  visions  and  speak   prophecy   by   the   age   of   15. She   was   a   writer   and   an   accomplished   musician,   and   everything   she   wrote   and   composed  seemed  divinely  inspired. This  book  is  a  translation  from  her  work  entitled  Scivias,  which  means  Know   The   Path. It   is   a   collection   of   her   visions   and   the   prophecy   brought   forth   in   them. There   are   26   visions,   and   Hozeski  breaks  each  one  up  into  sections  and  discusses  and  interprets  the  rich  symbolism  contained  within. This   is  a  profound  look  into  the  visions  of  a  great  mystic. In   Tales   of   Hasidim:   Book   One,   The   Early   Masters   (1991)   by   Martin   Buber,   translated   by   Olga   Marx,   the   author   tells   the   stories   of   the   early   leaders   of   this   religion. The   brilliant   Jewish   philosopher   and   scholar/practitioner   of   the   Hasidic   faith,   comments   on   the   philosophy   of   Hasidic   Judaism. His   writing   on   The   Baal   Shem   Tov   were   used   in   the   research   for   this   course. Martin   Buber? s   body   of   work   has   been   profoundly   influential  in  its  focus  on  the  value  of  human  relationships  and  conscious  interaction  with  life. His  philosophical   views  are  beautifully  expressed  in  the  now  classic  I  And  Thou  (1970). If  you  are  interested  in  learning  more  about   Hasidism  or  human  relationships,  these  works  are  invaluable  to  your  studies. Why   The   Baal   Shem   Tov  Laughed:  52  Stories  About  Our  Great  Chasidic  Rabbis  (1993)  by  Sterna  Citron  is  an   informative  piece  of  literature  on  Hasidic  Judaism. From  the  back  cover:  In  the  year  5487,  a  brilliant  source  of  light illuminated  the  dark  skies  of  European  Jewry. Yisroel  Baal  Shem  Tov  breathed  life  and  joy  into  a  population  oppressed  by  a   Great  Spiritual  Masters  Ã‚  Teachers  Ã‚ ©2005  University  Of  Metaphysical  Sciences   2 hostile  environment  and  depressed  by  disillusionment†¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"These  Hasidic  stories  are  not  only  heartwarming  and  encouraging   but  also  a  source  of  our  own  character  building. While  reaching  the  goals  of  the  saintly  individuals  may  be  unrealistic,  the   principles   they   established   and   manifested   in   their   lives   should   serve   as   guidelines   for   us. Even   the   fact   that   we   cannot   achieve  their  greatness  should  not  deter  us  from  at  least  trying  to  emulate  them. †? from  Dr. Abraham  J. Twerski   A  Simple  Path  (1995)  by  Mother  Theresa  and  compiled  by  Lucinda  Vardey  chronicles  the  works  of  Mother   Theresa,  her  unfailing  dedication  to  serving  those  in  need,  and  the  formation  of  her  powerful  and  compassionate   organization,   The   Missionaries   Of   Charity. The   story   of   Mother   Theresa   and   her   works   is   an   inspiration   to   all. This  is  highly  recommended  reading. From  the  back  cover:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There  is  something  else  to  remember? that  this  kind  of   love  begins  at  home. We  cannot  give  to  the  outside  what  we  don? t  have  on  the  inside. This  is  very  important. If  I  can’t  see   God? s   love   in   my   brother   and   sister   then   how   can   I   see   that   love   in   somebody   else? How   can   I   give   it   to   somebody   else? Everybody  has  got  some  good. Some  hide  it,  some  neglect  it,  but  it  is  there.   ? Mother  Theresa  Ã‚   The   Philosophy   Of   Freedom:   The   Basis   For   A   Modern   World   Conception   (1916)   was   translated   by   Michael   Wilson   and   is   an   early   work   of   philosophy   by   Rudolph   Steiner. Steiner   was   a   19th? century   philosopher,   spiritualist   and   clairvoyant   who   created   a   spiritual? philosophical   cosmology   that   he   called   anthroposophy. He   was   a   student   of   mystery   teachings,   and   was   involved   for   years   with   the   Theosophical   society,   as   well   as   the   Rosicrucians. The   Philosophy   Of   Freedom   was   his   defining   work   outlining   his   cosmological   view. From   the   back cover:  Are  we  free,  whether  we  know  it  or  not? Or  is  our  sense  of  freedom  merely  an  illusion? Rudolph  Steiner  tackles  this   age? old  problem  in  a  new  way. He  says  that  by  taking  account  of  our  own  activity  of  thinking,  we  can  know  the  reasons  for   our  actions. And  if  these  reasons  are  taken  from  our  world  of  the  ideals,  then  our  actions  are  free,  because  we  alone  determine   them. But   this   freedom   cannot   be   settled   for   us   by   philosophical   argument. It   is   not   simply   granted   to   us. If   we   want   to   become  free,  we  have  to  strive  by  our  own  inner  activity  to  overcome  our  unconscious  urges  and  habits  of  thought. In  order   to  do  this  we  must  reach  a  point  of  view  that  recognizes  no  limits  to  knowledge,  sees  through  all  illusions,  and  opens  the  door   to  an  experience  of  the  reality  of  the  spiritual  world. Then  we  can  achieve  the  highest  level  of  evolution. We  can  recognize   ourselves  as  free  spirit. ?Michael  Wilson  Ã‚   Gurdjieff:  The  Key  Concepts  (2003)  by  Sophia  Wellbeloved  is  a  thorough  investigation  of  Gurdjieff’s  legacy   of  work. From  the  back  cover:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sophia  Wellbeloved  has  provided  here  a  tool  for  delving  beneath  Gurdjieff’s  veil  of  words,   for  both  a  specialized  and  general  public†¦Ã‚  this  is  a  work  that  honors  Gurdjieff’s  gift  to  the  moral  and  spiritual  welfare  of   mankind. †Ã‚  ? Paul  Beekman  Taylor. â€Å"This  unique  book  offers  clear  definitions  of  Gurdjieff’s  teaching  terms,  placing  him   within  the  political,  geographical,  and  cultural  context  of  his  time. Selected  entries  look  at  diverse  aspects  of  his  work. †Ã‚   Teachings   Of   The   Hindu   Mystic   (2001)   by   Andrew   Harvey   is   a   compilation   of   writings   from   the   Hindu   mystical   tradition. Andrew   Harvey   is   a   world? renowned   author,   lecturer,   and   teacher   of   the   world? s   spiritual   traditions. He  has  spent  many  years  studying  Hinduism,  Buddhism  and  Christianity. Included  are  works  from   the  Bhagavad? Gita,  the  Upanishads,  teachings  from  Ramakrishna  and  Ramana  Maharishi,  as  well  as  devotional   poetry   from   Mirabai,   Ramprasad,   and   others. This   is   a   great   introduction   to   Hindu   mystic   teachings,   with   its   beautiful  way  of  expression  through  lyrical  verse. Brother   Francis:   An   Anthology   Of   Writings   By   And   About   St. Francis   Of How to cite Spiritual Teachers, Essay examples

Arthur Millers The Crucible Explore the role played by Abigail Williams in the play. Is it possible to have sympathy for her character Essay Example For Students

Arthur Millers The Crucible: Explore the role played by Abigail Williams in the play. Is it possible to have sympathy for her character? Essay In this essay, I will be exploring Abigail Williams role in the play, showing how she makes the majority of other characters believe her lies and also stating whether in my view, it is possible to have sympathy for her character. First of all, I think that Abigail is a very manipulative character and this is shown in almost every passage of Arthur Millers writing. He describes her as a very innocent girl who is known by everyone. John Proctor cheated on his wife with Abigail and now she wants him all to herself. John Proctor is certain that he wants to stay with his wife, Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail is expressed as a character that can get anything she wishes. The way in which she does this is by acting the sweet innocent child that has no knowledge of the world or happenings, when really she is a conniving little cow. In the play, One passage that Abigail Uses is, Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnams dead sisters. And thats all. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it: I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! Now you-sit up and stop this! This is a very frightening and aggressive piece of writing. This shows that Abigail can be a very scary character, even at the tender age of 17, or around about. The exploration of Abigail Williams role in the play is to be the baddy, and create havoc. If Abigail didnt appear exactly as she does, in my personal view, the story would be horrendous. This is because almost all of the drama and tension is created in resolution to her actions, whether directly or indirectly. Abigails role is to erupt when anything is regaining normalness or anything looks like it will go back to the way it was. Abigail is the spark of a Volcano, because when she says that all of the wives of the men in the town of Salem are witches and she had seen them with the devil when she was brought to it, it causes the whole city to erupt like an exploding, destructive volcano. Abigail says, I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the flying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! John, pity me, pity me! She says this in response to John Proctor, who slept with her, only to turn her down and exclaim to her that he does not love her anymore. This is one of the points in the play when it shows that Abigail may have had a reason for what she did. John Proctor knocking her back, gives her a fire in her eyes and heart, to damage and hurt Proctor and his wife. Abigails phrase, put knowledge in my heart! means that she was a virgin before her and John had intercourse. This gives Abigail the reason throughout the story to be so mean and cruel. In a way, it is kind of like Miss Havisham in, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens. This is because they have both been knocked back by men, their partners or such, and they go on to hate men and be evil people. Abigail says to reverend Hale on him asking her if she had sold her soul to the devil, I never sold myself! .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def , .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .postImageUrl , .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def , .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def:hover , .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def:visited , .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def:active { border:0!important; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def:active , .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u854318834363caad241a6f38c68f5def:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A view from the bridge EssayIm a good girl! Im a proper girl! This is her basically saying that she thinks what he is saying to them is absolute rubbish. When the girls start exclaiming names, that they have seen with the devil, betty suddenly rises, which makes all of the people in the court think that it is a miracle of God, that the silent child wakes. In this play I think that there is a possibility to feel sorry for Abigail Williams, up until the point when people start to be hanged. I think that you could appreciate that Abigail has her own feelings and that the first man she has slept with is refusing to commit to her. You can be slightly sympathetic to her because she has been emotionally damaged by the point of Proctor having a sexual relationship with her. It is fine to say that she has been damaged by this experience, but you cannot expect anyone, however religious or forgiving, to forget about people that they love being hanged over crimes that they havent committed. Overall, I believe that up to a certain point in the play, you can sympathise with Abigail, but when she takes it to another level, you cant help but imagine the horror and utter stupidness of Abigail and her pathetic friends.

Human Sciences Essay Example

Human Sciences Essay Is religion really in decline in the west or is it merely changing? Seminal social theorists predicted the decline of religion in the modern era. It was widely postulated that there would be a transformation from a society characterised by strong religious values towards one, driven by secular ideology. The driving force in this transformation was to be the modernization and rationalization that accompanied the renaissance and the industrial revolution. Bruce (2002) suggested that science and the accompanying principles undermined the position of religion: it reduced the roles it played in wider society. From his perspective the more science progressed, religion simultaneously regressed. This essay will consider theoretical perspectives surrounding the evolution of religiosity in the west, and will determine the extent to which religion is declining based on statistical evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sciences specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sciences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sciences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The word religion is often used without ascribing conscious thought to its definition. How we define religion is subject to debate and is largely dependant on the discipline one is defining it for. In sociology, it can be defined substantively, or functionally. Substantive definitions focus on characteristics of the content – for example, a belief in a supernatural being. Functional definitions focus instead, on the utility or the effect that religion has on the individual or group. The disparity between definitions is a large problem in assessing secularization: if we can’t adequately and consistently define the phenomenon, it becomes difficult to assess if it is changing. The pre-Industrial west can be characterised as deeply religious. According to Bruce (2002), nearly all members of society were familiar with religious teachings. Individuals mostly turned to the church, in illness, marriage, death and other major life changing occurrences. However, as the western world began to industrialize, we saw an increasingly secular society. This pattern is documented in the social surveys of the 20th century. There was a decline in church attendance, religious ceremonies and indices of belief. According to Voas (2003) church attendance in the UK has declined by 50% since the middle of the 19th century. Within the Secularization debate, scholars have exercised a variety of explanations for this, but broadly they manifest within the concepts of rationalism and modernity. One idea that explained the rise of rationalism and science was set out by Max Weber in the ‘Protestant ethic and the sprit of capitalism’. Here it was suggested that the age of enlightenment generated and orchestrated a change in the way individuals viewed the world. Rationalism was thought to have rendered the central claims of the world religions as unsubstantiable and therefore questionable. Science began to literally breakdown the vestiges of religious dogma. For example, Darwin’s theory of evolution challenged the evangelical understanding proposed in the book of Genesis. Weber argued that religion itself, could actually lead people to capitalism. He made a distinction between two types of asceticism, one of which, only began to develop after the protestant revolution. Weber suggested that prior to this, ‘otherworldly-asceticism’ was the only to exist, and predominantly among the very pious in society. Monks often lived in isolation in monasteries to remove themselves from societal temptations. Martin Luther, a key initiator of the protestant revolution, argued that hard work and good performance worked to glorify the individual in the light of God. Protestantism began to discourage the idea that individuals could simply admit to their sins in order to achieve absolution. An anxiety therefore began to build amongst particular Protestants. For instance, Calvinism taught predestination, which suggested that God had already decided each person’s fate after death. Weber argues that this anxiety and pressure, actually led people to deve lop a ‘this-world- asceticism’. Individuals began to invest more of their time and energy on work, in order to avoid the temptations of sin. Success to some was considered an indication of salvation. A ‘protestant-work-ethic’ evolved and many argue resulted in the relatively premature development of capitalist ideology in particular countries. Weber comments that capitalism undermined religious commitments as it shifted the focus away from religiosity as a whole. Bruce (2002) postulated that modernization resulted in structural specialisation/ differentiation. This means that as society began to modernise, institutions and roles began to become specialised. Religion used to hold a monopoly on several social functions, which include education, health care, and welfare assistance. Modernity and industrial growth generated income that could be invested in the specific needs of society, outside of religious influence. Differentiation resulted in the creation of more diverse work opportunities, which undermined the feudal nature of preceding institutions. The additional working opportunities filled in the gap between the gentry and the working classes. An egalitarian mentality developed, which according to Bruce (2002) made hereditary inequalities and hierarchies more difficult to sustain. The reformation worked to encourage individualism, autonomy and individual thought (Martin 1978). Religion or Beliefs systems differ in their ability to cater for varying interpretations. For instance, some religions may claim a monopoly on a singular truth, whilst others may allow for slight variations. Individuals for the first time began to challenge the ‘truths’ proposed by belief systems. Particular religious institutions, which failed to accommodate or adequately address certain concerns, were left vulnerable to schism, and reduced membership. It became possible for individuals to maintain and perhaps even improve their social status. Particular roles in society began to shift in their degrees of power. The clergy for example, could be seen in some ways to posses a similar social status to a doctor, irrespective of the belief system to which the doctor belonged. Societalization is a term coined by (Wilson 1982) which describes the transition from numerous small close-knit communities to larger industrialized cities. This community to society transition, perpetuated by the industrial revolution, had several implications to religion. Firstly, it became very difficult for a religion to maintain a single moral belief system. Larger cities allow for smaller competing belief systems to develop and grow. Larger cities also carried with them a larger stress profile: people had to work longer hours to sustain continual development. A larger and more successful economy necessitated the evolution of a new culture: driven by law, communication, trust, science, and less by religion. An improvement in education accompanied economic growth. With an improvement in literacy, a larger cohort was able to address religious questions themselves by reading holy texts. Prior to this, there was reliance, and almost a passive acceptance of religious teachings administered by religious leaders. Individuals were able to draw their own conclusions. The bible was also translated in a variety of languages, which increased access. Personal interpretations and conclusions resulted in increased Schisms and sect formations. The rising working class moved forward to more democratic and represented religions like the Baptists and Presbyterians. The effects of increased economic growth can be said to reduce religious significance for other reasons likewise. According to Durkheim, in the Elementary forms of religious life (1912), religion in itself is not simply a set of beliefs and ideas (as assumed by Weber), but it also incorporates a entire systems of actions that involve formal rituals and ceremonies. He suggested that these systems of actions are important because they served a functional purpose of sustaining social solidarity, order, and cohesion. He proposed that religion serves to manage individuals in times of crisis. For instance, in death the church offers a funeral service that helps to prevent breakdown. The poor often also found solace in religion in its promise of a better after life. However, as society became more affluent, and technology progressed more middle class jobs became available and therefore individuals felt less of a need to be comforted by a better life in heaven. Similarly, as health care impr oved sudden and unfortunate deaths became less common, so individuals turned to the church less for comfort.

Free Essays on Thomas Edison Time Line

1868 * Invented the electrical vote recorder. 1869 * Invented the universal stock ticker and the unison stop. 1872 * Invented the motograph. * Invented the automatic telegraph system. * Invented duplex, quadruplex, sextuplex, and multiplex telegraph systems. * Invented paraffin paper. * Invented the carbon rheostat. 1875 * Discovered "Etheric Force," an electric phenomenon that is the foundation of wireless telegraphy. 1876 * Invented the electric pen used for the first mimeographs. 1877 * Invented the carbon telephone transmitter, making telephony commercially practical. This included the microphone used in radio. 1877 * Invented the phonograph. This was Edison's favorite invention. He sponsored the Edison Phonograph Polka to help popularize the new device. 1879 * Discovered incandescent light. * Radically improved dynamos and generators. * Discovered a system of distribution, regulation, and measurement of electric current-switches, fuses, sockets, and meters. 1880 * Invented the magnetic ore separator. 1880 * Discovered the "Edison Effect," the fundamental principle of electronics. 1885 * Discovered a system of wireless induction telegraph between moving trains and stations. He also patented similar systems for ship-to-shore use. 1891 * Invented the motion picture camera. 1896 * Invented the fluoroscope. * Invented the fluorescent electric lamp. 1900 * Invented the nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery. 1914 * Invented the electric safety miner's lamp. * Discovered the process for manufacturing synthetic carbolic acid. 1915 * Conducted special experiments on more than 40 major war problems for the Navy Department. Edison served as Chairman of the Naval Consulting Board and did much other work on National Defense. 1927-1931 * Tested 17,000 plants for rubber content as a source of rubber in war emergencies. A piece of vulcanized rubber was made from a Goldenrod strain he d... Free Essays on Thomas Edison Time Line Free Essays on Thomas Edison Time Line 1868 * Invented the electrical vote recorder. 1869 * Invented the universal stock ticker and the unison stop. 1872 * Invented the motograph. * Invented the automatic telegraph system. * Invented duplex, quadruplex, sextuplex, and multiplex telegraph systems. * Invented paraffin paper. * Invented the carbon rheostat. 1875 * Discovered "Etheric Force," an electric phenomenon that is the foundation of wireless telegraphy. 1876 * Invented the electric pen used for the first mimeographs. 1877 * Invented the carbon telephone transmitter, making telephony commercially practical. This included the microphone used in radio. 1877 * Invented the phonograph. This was Edison's favorite invention. He sponsored the Edison Phonograph Polka to help popularize the new device. 1879 * Discovered incandescent light. * Radically improved dynamos and generators. * Discovered a system of distribution, regulation, and measurement of electric current-switches, fuses, sockets, and meters. 1880 * Invented the magnetic ore separator. 1880 * Discovered the "Edison Effect," the fundamental principle of electronics. 1885 * Discovered a system of wireless induction telegraph between moving trains and stations. He also patented similar systems for ship-to-shore use. 1891 * Invented the motion picture camera. 1896 * Invented the fluoroscope. * Invented the fluorescent electric lamp. 1900 * Invented the nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery. 1914 * Invented the electric safety miner's lamp. * Discovered the process for manufacturing synthetic carbolic acid. 1915 * Conducted special experiments on more than 40 major war problems for the Navy Department. Edison served as Chairman of the Naval Consulting Board and did much other work on National Defense. 1927-1931 * Tested 17,000 plants for rubber content as a source of rubber in war emergencies. A piece of vulcanized rubber was made from a Goldenrod strain he d...

Film or Play Review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film or Play - Movie Review Example In order to avoid Antonia and Alonzo, he proceeds to create his own kingdom in a remote island in Greek with Miranda, Aretha, his mistress, and Kalibanos, a goat herder and the only inhabitant on the island before Philip arrives. On this magical island with surreally beautiful scenery, the obsession of Philip unfolds. His exercise of power affects the agency of characters who are already marginalized by their race, gender, and social status. In addition, Philip’s character also serves as a critique of an upper-middle class male who occupies a high social status but is oppressed by people who possess even more wealth and social capital that him. Unlike Shakespeare’s Prospero, the protagonist of the film Philip, performed by John Cassavetes is portrayed as a miserable middle-aged man who is tired of his career and social life. On the other hand, his employer Alonzo is extremely upbeat and ambitious, even though he appears to be much older than Philip. Instead of having an Antonio figure in the film to rebel against the protagonist, Mazursky chooses to transform that character into Antonia. This is an interesting move that will affect the audience’s feeling towards Philip as Antonia is a loyal but frustrated wife instead of an antagonistic character, the audience is less likely to be sympathetic towards Philip. Antonia’s hair style and clothing highlights her confidence and femininity, which seems to intimidate Philip. Another interesting female character in the film is Aretha, the Ariel figure in Shakespeare’s original play. She dons an airy white and half transparent gown throughout the whole mov ie, complementing the serenity of the island. Here Mazursky once again plays on the idea of masculinity and femininity. Philip explicitly refuses to have sex with Aretha without explaining the reason. It seems that Philip remains insecure about his power as a man after being oppressed and cheated respectively by Alonzo

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 20

Strategic Management - Essay Example The company believes in developing exceptional flow experience for its people. In this study different strategic frameworks have been included to determine strategic position of the firm in market place. These models are PESTLE analysis, Porter’s five forces model, competitor array, strategic group mapping, GE-McKinsey 9 box matrix, Bowman’s strategy clock, Ansoff’s matrix and TOWS matrix. The digital marketing strategy of the company has been outlined which shall support KONE in terms of offering new products to new geographical markets. There is intense competition in the industry and it can be addressed only through implementing innovating business strategies. KONE needs to explore new market opportunities through offering new products to target segment. Digital marketing strategies shall help the firm to easily access target market and acquire desirable profit margins. The mission or value statement of the company is to create best flow experience for people. KONE is regarded as the global leader in context of elevator industry. From past many years the company is actively indulged in offering superior quality escalators or elevators to its client base. KONE aims at achieving cost competitiveness and operational excellence through innovative processes and people leadership. KONE’s strategic objectives can be divided into four dimensions such as expanding base of loyal customers, initiating employee empowerment, enabling best experience for users and seeking profitable growth. Financial objective is to grow at a rapid rate in comparison to market growth rate. KONE aims at enhancing working capital rotation and reaching 16% EBIT. External environmental analysis indicates all possible external influences which have significant impact on business operations. KONE Great Britain has been operating in elevator and escalator industry from past many years. The entire business operations of KONE can be categorized into two distinct

Compare the impacts that Mable has on the drama in making history to Essay

Compare the impacts that Mable has on the drama in making history to that of Tailor and Ella in vernon god little - Essay Example character of Mable definitely commands a considerable influence over the male protagonist in ‘Making History’, the characters named Taylor and Ella push the male protagonist in ‘Vernon God Little’ in two utterly diverse situations that further adds to the conflict of characters and situations inherent in this drama. ‘Making History’ by Brian Friel is a historical play that deals with a unique moment in the Iris history defined by a tribal chief Hugh O’Neill. This play is as much a dramatical elaboration of the historical facts, as an amorphous display of the human endowments like the strength of character, frailty of temperament, identity and pride. O’Neil is delineated by the writer as an astute character that is discernibly torn between his loyalty for Queen Elizabeth who elevated him to the position of Earl of Tyrone and his devotion to the Catholic cause in which he is aided by Archbishop Lombard and his close friend Hugh O’Donnell. If history could be interpreted as a conflict between a thesis and antithesis that is eventually resolved through synthesis, then the character of Mable is certainly the one that helps in bringing to fore this conflict inherent in O’Neill’s consciousness. In fact Mable is the one that to a great extent unravels the duplicity and complexity inherent in O’Neill’s character to which Lombard alludes to as a â€Å"random catalogue of deliberate achievement and sheer accident (Making History 67).† Thus ‘Making History’ involves mature characters with complex and intricate personalities. Hence the influence of Mable in this play is very subtle, refined and indirect that most of the times borders on the verge of unpredictability and nebulousness. On the contrary, the impact of Taylor and Ella in ‘Vernon God Little’ is not so wispy and suave though being influential as this play is more of a contemporary urban sociological commentary that relies on the intricacy of events then on the complexity of

Fossil Fuels: Causing Climate Change

Fossil Fuels: Causing Climate Change The problems of all of humanity can only be solved by all humanity. -Swiss author Friedrich DÃ ¼rrenmatt Generally, the climate of our planet has always changed over the time since many years ago. However, Climate change has recently become a common issue in our daily lives. It has gained much attention from worldwide countries as it has affected many regions in the form of disasters. In most of the time, climate change is brought about by an increasing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere especially CO2. NOAA whose measuring location is Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii shows that the level of atmospheric CO2 keeps increasing every year. For example, it rose from 387.74ppm to 390.09ppm between 2009 and 2010 (NOAA, 2010). And this is resulted from different kinds of human activities which released CO2 into atmosphere every day. As a result of that, it has brought up a question which remains debatable among the society; is the climate change mainly induced by human? Due to the greenhouse gas emissions by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation and growing world population, it is beyond doubt that climate change is mainly caused by human. This report will indicate the greenhouse gas emissions by human activities can induce the change in global climate. Furthermore, the research results are related to the United States of America, China and some European countries, because these countries are considered as worlds significant emitters of greenhouse gases. 2.0 BODY OF REPORT 2.1 Fossil fuels share a large proportion in greenhouse gas emissions Fossil fuels are materials of biological origin occurring within the Earths crust that can be used as a source of energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas etc (fossil fuel, 2010). The burning of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases directly to the atmosphere and are mostly used for the purpose of energy production, transportation, manufacturing and home or buildings heating. In addition, fossil fuels are the key source for human to generate energy; it provides 80% of the commercial energy supply. It is also a significant anthropogenic factor of greenhouse gases emissions. Most of global greenhouse gases are emitted by fossil fuel production and consumption. For instance, fossil fuels account for 70% of carbon dioxide (CO2), 29% of methane (CH4) and 20% of nitrous oxide (N2O). (Dawson Spannagle2009, p.184) At the same time, industrial Revolution is known as a starting point for the fossil fuel era, it induces a rapid rise in greenhouse gases in the air. Some believe that climate change is not necessarily caused by fossil fuels because more than half of the current changes occurred before the Industrial Revolution. There is no doubt that most of the changes existed before the Industrial Revolution. However, by looking at the rate of greenhouse gas emissions over the years after the Industrial Revolution, it indicates that fossil fuels have to be responsible for the change in global climate. This can be proved by Archer and Rahmstorf (2010); they claimed that due to an increase in the fossil fuel consumption by human, there is a rise in the rate of atmospheric CO2 by 20% higher than the rate before the Industrial Revolution, so do the other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4). Hence, fossil fuels share a large proportion in greenhouse gases emissions. For example, Chinas economy has grown quickly since 2000, and China has become one of the most noticeable emitters of C02 due to a persistent increase in fossil fuel consumption for energy production. The energy consumption in China increased by 14% in 2004, 15% in 2005 and 11% in 2006, therefore, fossil fuel consumption also increased which leads the amount of atmospheric CO2 to rise. (Dawson Spannagle2009, p.21) Similarly, according to Environmental Protection Agency (2010), the main source of greenhouse gases emissions especially CO2 is from fossil fuels combustion. The process of electricity generation accounts 41% of the CO2 emission in the United States, whereby the transportation is the second largest source. In addition, the industrial process and product uses can also produce the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N20) and other gases in the form of by- product. Some have argued that fossil fuels would not be blamed for the climate change because the consumption of fossil fuels has improved our living standard and the development of the economy. However, as the fossil fuels continue releasing a vast amount of greenhouse gases into the air, it will eventually affect human society and economy earlier than what it is expected to be. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that the fossil fuel consumption is expected to increase and the atmospheric CO2 concentrations will reach 550 ppm by 2035- 2040 which will result in serious climate change (Dawson Spannagle2009, p.186). In conclusion, fossil fuels are definitely a main cause of climate change by releasing a vast amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Clearly, humans are responsible for the climate change. Maglev trains: An analysis Maglev trains: An analysis MAGLEV trains are a form of transportation that includes science of magnets and implies the future of transportation technology. So what are MAGLEV trains? MAGLEV stands for magnetic levitation which means it uses magnetic forces to move and travel. Even though this technology might seem very futuristic, it has a history that goes back to 1900s! It didnt start at 1909 but an American rocket scientist by the name of Robert Goddard thought of transportation system vehicles that levitated for high speed transport. Also a French engineer, Bachelet, built a model train that levitated using similar designs today. Even though these early scientists thought of this idea, they couldnt find out a way to make this kind of transportation. It wasnt until at around 1960s MAGLEV transportation research resumed. This was when technology had been more modern. James Powell Gordon Danby developed designs for MAGLEV trains. By early 1970s, the States had began testing reduced scaled models of magnetic levitation. Finally, Stanford Research Institute had tested a half-ton vehicle for magnetic levitation, leading to construction of more advanced technology. This eventually lead to invention of a MAGLEV train that could aboard people safely. In 1984 the first commercialized Maglev train was officially open in England. In Japan, 2 trains were constructed and they held the fastest speeds yet, 581 km/h (2003). The maglev trains were and still are, built throughout the world and still they are being redesigned to make it faster and better. So, after reading about the long history of this fascinating technology one thing sticks in mind, 581 km/h?! Yes, this is not some false calculation or something of that sort. So if this train can go 581 km/h then what is it made out of? This technology can be simple or very complicated, remembering that scientists Robert Goddard and Bachelet couldnt find out the formula of this system. So how does it work? The title says it all, magnetic levitation, magnets that are repelling each other so that there can be levitation. It cant be any simpler than that, but this is what the title means. Lets see how the technology works throughout the process. If you ever played with magnet before, then you should know by now that opposites attract and alike repel. This is the basic principle of electromagnetic propulsion. This is what the train is using in basic terms. On the maglev track, there is a magnetized coil going along the track which repels the large magnets on the train. This allows the train to levitate from between 1 to 10cm above the coil or guideway. As the train is levitated, a unique system is created of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the track as power is supplied to the guideway. The power or electric current that is supplied to the coils is constantly alternating to change the polarity, causing the magnetic field in front of the train to pull and the magnetic field begin to push. Maglev trains float on a thin layer of air which eliminates friction. This makes the trains speeds go more than 500 km/h. This brief explanation of how it works probably helped why it went so fast and also how the system works. This train might sound all very good and youre probably thinking why doesnt everybody get this? Well there are the negative sides to this too. The probably #1 for most problem is the cost. These trains can get very handy and also are very eco-friendly to the environment just that they are close to 4~5 billion dollars to build one train system in each section. So, that is probably why this train is not in every country. Also the maglev trains have other issues like no magnetic data storage- hard drives, credit cards, separation between train and guideway has to be monitored at all times because of instability of electromagnets, and etc. Even though the trains seem to be fine in the present right now, there are still more being built and more to come. There are many maglev systems being proposed in North America, Asia and Europe. Also there are at least 10 plans for separate U.S lines in the systems. The technology is slowly being developed everyday and so are maglev trains. There are many new theories and new developments being made and thought for the maglev systems still today.

FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme

FDI in Real Estate of India and China FDI refers to the investment made by a foreign individual or company in productive capacity of another country for example, the purchase or construction of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a controlling interest in existing operations and businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). Multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, access lucrative or emerging markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in developing countries are FDI investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment which may cross borders, but does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as ‘multinational enterprises’ (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or greater of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting power for an unincorporated firm or development of a greenfield branch plant that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm. Types of FDI: Greenfield investment: direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nation’s promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the principal mode of investing in developing countries. Mergers and Acquisitions: occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of development Attraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. However this is often based on the implicit assumption that greater inflows of FDI will bring certain benefits to the country’s economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some of which are: †¢ Builders and developers can construct the property and then hand it over to the retailers. †¢ There is also the possibility of exploring joint venture collaborations. In this format the builder shall be responsible for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the building and further be responsible for the maintenance and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended scope of getting into retail in a joint venture format. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value addition from another industry segment. Relaxing the existing 100 acres norm for the FDI inflow into real estate sector would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in integrated townships). FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme FDI in Real Estate of India and China FDI refers to the investment made by a foreign individual or company in productive capacity of another country for example, the purchase or construction of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a controlling interest in existing operations and businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). Multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, access lucrative or emerging markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in developing countries are FDI investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment which may cross borders, but does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as ‘multinational enterprises’ (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or greater of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting power for an unincorporated firm or development of a greenfield branch plant that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm. Types of FDI: Greenfield investment: direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nation’s promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the principal mode of investing in developing countries. Mergers and Acquisitions: occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of development Attraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. However this is often based on the implicit assumption that greater inflows of FDI will bring certain benefits to the country’s economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some of which are: †¢ Builders and developers can construct the property and then hand it over to the retailers. †¢ There is also the possibility of exploring joint venture collaborations. In this format the builder shall be responsible for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the building and further be responsible for the maintenance and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended scope of getting into retail in a joint venture format. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value addition from another industry segment. Relaxing the existing 100 acres norm for the FDI inflow into real estate sector would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in integrated townships).

Dylan and Dickinson : A Comparative View of Death Essay

â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† and â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night† are poems written by different authors in different time periods.   â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is a poem written by Emily Dickinson in which death is personified.   â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night† is   poem written by Dylan Thomas in which confront death and the death of his father is recounted.   Thomas and Dickinson use the same dominant recurring images to explore the archetypal themes of birth, time, and death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Questioning traditional values and   redefining religion was a common theme throughout the 1900s.   Religion in the past offered reasons for why certain natural things occurred.   Darwin developed his theories on natural selection and the public was educated.   It was no longer God that chooses what happens it is nature (Conlin 782).   In the past death was seen as a normal part of life, and that god is control of who and when death occurs. In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night,† Dylan challenges the reader to defy God, and nature and fight against death.   In line 2, Dylan writes â€Å"Old age should burn and rave at the close of the day†.   Dylan means that even people at the end of their life should fight for every breath.   He also writes â€Å"Good men†¦Wild men†¦Grave men† – all mean should wrestle death and keep life in their grasps.   Exploring death as not just God determined event but an event in which each individual can play active role in, is a common theme found throughout the 20th  century in literature, poetry, and public debate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dickinson takes a more passive and reflective approach.   Dickinson’s primary intent is not either hope for immortality or the experience of living with the knowledge of death.   Both are traditional interpretations of â€Å"Because Death Could Not Stop for Me,† but certainly not the only two possible ones.   Death is described by Dickinson as an unintelligent betrayer. His â€Å"kindness† and â€Å"civility† and supposed immorality are just illusions to make the narrator and every living person go quietly with death.   Dickinson did not write for an audience.   She was not trying to inspire or educate.   After experiencing the death of several people close to her, Dickinson was grieving, angry, and confused.   The narrator of the poem was not prepared for death.   In line 15 – 16, â€Å"For only gossamer my gown, / My tippet only tulle,† the narrator was not dressed, wearing only underclothes or night gown, when death came for her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fragmented society, and deeply painful world events is also reflected in 20th  century literature.   Much of poetry written during this time is considered incoherent or fragmented, and certainly this Dylan Thomas poem is disjointed (Banks, par 8).   While the poem does have a rhyme scheme to each verse much of the text is incomplete or missing words.   The verses are written like sentences but lack the grammar and structure of a true sentence. Also in line 2, Old age should be burn and rave at close of day†, Dylan writes leaving out   the definite article â€Å"the† before close.   Dylan purposely removes or leaves out words.   He does this to forcibly pace the reading of the poetry so that it more closely resembles human thought (Cyr, par 14).   This lack of grammar and traditional forms is a quality found in 1900s literature.   Authors during this time fought against the norms of society and the rules that society placed on everyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern poets love to shake, shock, and disgust the reader.   They do this to spring the reader the into action, even if that action is to hate the poem and the author.   They want for the audience to feel something, and feel it intensely.   In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good nightâ€Å", Dylan uses the technique of repetition of a particular line to drill his message into the minds of the audience. â€Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light (ln 3, 6, 9 12, 19),† write Dylan Thomas to poke at the reader hoping the ensues agitation makes them wonder why, and then how.   The meter of the line reminds the reader of someone knocking against their coffin – knock, knock against the coffin. (Westphal, par 4)   Demanding the audience to grab at their last breath from death.   20th  century authors struggle to motivate society to become active and involved in their lives, even if that motivation comes from fear and anger.  Ã‚   The use of rhythm and repetition can also be seen in Dickinson’s work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sad thoughtfulness can be found in stanza 2 and the beginning of stanza 3.   The narrator describes several things while traveling with death – children playing, field of grain, and the sunset.   After passing these things the narrator has a realization and comments â€Å"Or rather, be passed us; â€Å"   It was the narrator and death were actually stilling still and life was moving pass them.   Languor or listlessness can be seen in line 5, â€Å"we slowly drove† and â€Å"he knew no haste.†Ã‚   The narrator also stopped her daily activities because of death, and states â€Å"And I had put away / My labor, and my leisure too.† The tone of repressed terror is created by the following lines : line 3 â€Å"The carriage held but just ourselves†, line 14 â€Å"The dews grew quivering and chill.†Ã‚   Each creates the feeling of emptiness, loneliness, and the bitter cold of literal loss and physical death.   The poem also has a tone of mature resignation.   The narrator is not fighting death.   The narrator is not shocked at his arrival or that trip they take together.   If read in the right way the rhythm is slow and monotone.   The sound of slow horses’ hooves hitting the grove and is almost like death march.   The tone is not sad but calm, reserved, and excepting that death is an inevitable part of existing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The philosophical issues of life are explored by both Emily Dickinson and Dylan Thomas.   While decades a part in their lives they choose to explore the issues of time, death, and birth in their poetry again and again.   Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† breathes life into Death creating a character that is kind in appearance but cruel in action. The emphasis of her poem is death and the feeling of dying saturates the entire prose.   Whereas Thomas chooses to celebrate life and the living in his poem â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into This Good Night†Ã‚   It is only the last three lines of the poem that he addresses death at all.   Both author skillfully use the images of the death, dying, and light to convey their own opinions on the archetypal motifs of birth, death, and life. Works Citied Bianchi, Martha Dickinson, and Alfred Leete Hampson, eds. Unpublished Poems of Emily Dickinson. Boston: Little, Brown, 1936. Conlin, Joseph R. The American Past. 7th ed. Belmont: Thomson, 2004. Thomas, Dylan. â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night.† The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas. New York: New Directions, 1953: 128. Westphal, Jonathan. â€Å"Thomas’s `Do not go gentle into that goodnight.'† The Explicator 52.2 (1994): 113-15.

10 Great Study Tips for Students - EssaySupply.com

10 Great Study Tips for Students 10 Great Study Tips for Students Create a Comfortable Yet Business Like Space to Study If you grew up like many other students, you may have been taught that the ideal study spot is barren and isolated. Old logic said that the place that you studied must be quiet, well lit, away from distractions, and that any background noise was strictly forbidden. Hogwash! Blaring music and leaving your door open to visitors might not be a good idea, however there is nothing wrong or damaging with wanting to study with background music or with people nearby. Tackle the Hard Tasks First Before you begin studying, take a survey of the things you need to work on. Ask yourself which items stand out as being tedious, difficult, or time consuming. Then, focus on those tasks first. After that, you can work through all of the other items on your list with relative ease. After all, you have knocked out the ugliest task. Don't Forget SQ3R Do you remember learning this in elementary school. SQ3R stood for survey, question, read, recite, and review. In other words you survey the textbook to get a basic idea of what you should know, you develop a set of questions about what you will learn, you read the text thoroughly, and then you verbally answer those questions. Finally, you review your notes. Only Study Until You Know the Subject Matter Studying a concept that you already know doesn't make you understand things more, it just steals the chance for you to work on other subjects or just relax. Consider using a flashcard app that will determine facts you no longer need to know. Don't be Ashamed to Access Good Essays Online Sometimes, you simply need help. If you need writing help, don't feel ashamed to look into using a service like to help you with your writing assignments. You can take advantage of the extra help by focusing on other important assignments. Never Study on an Empty Stomach There are few things that are more distracting than hunger. If you keep some healthy snacks on hand while you study, you will be more alert, and you will retain more information. In addition to this, scheduling snack breaks is a perfect way to give yourself the opportunity to step away from your work for a brief period of time. Then, when your break is over you can start studying again with a refreshed state of mind. Recruit a Good Study Partner Studying in pairs can be a great idea. You can quiz each other, discuss concepts, and keep one another on task. You and your study partner can even provide one another with some needed distraction. Just make sure that you and your partner can stay on task. Organize Your Notes Using a Good App Not only can you use an app like Evernote to take notes, you can organize those notes into projects. Better yet, you can share those notes in order to collaborate with others. Consider Joining a Study Group Study groups create a sense of camaraderie and accountability. This is a great way to force yourself to keep up academically. Learn When Sleep Trumps Hitting the Books All nighters are rarely effective. Know when to shelve the books and simply get a good night of sleep.

Cs essays

Chinese Rejection of L/Cs essays The financing of trade transactions in China is relatively straightforward following international practice regarding letters of credit (L/Cs). In China the main attraction of L/Cs is that they guarantee payment and receipt of title from an independent party (a bank), as long as commercial and shipping documents are presented in accordance with the L/C, regardless of the underlying contract. What makes L/C use unique in the PRC is that the government does not allow foreign banks to confirm L/Cs issued by domestic banks, a practice common overseas. Normally, the confirming bank assumes the responsibility to pay on the issuing bank's behalf. This is quite valuable when the transaction is on the riskier side. Today, the Agricultural Bank of China and Everbright Bank of China are willing to issue (open) confirmation L/Cs on behalf of other smaller Chinese banks. A single bank, the Bank of China, is often the only option for Chinese companies who desire a L/C, because the other banks, in cluding the big four commercial banks are often not very conversant with international trade practices, international banking and transaction. This gives the Bank of China a monotony type control over the L/C process and leads to very strict control as they get thousands of L/Cs. Chinese contracts may contain a clause stating that payment will be made only after clearing Customs. This puts the foreign seller in a precarious position as even the smallest discrepancy may cause delay in customs clearance and thus delay payment. These types of delays are not uncommon. For example if market price has dropped, the buyer may simply refuse to begin customs clearance or find a trivial technical excuse to avoid paying for the goods. Therefore the contract should be appropriately worded. To avoid these types of problems one should screen the trade partners carefully. A number of consulting firms are present who assist in verifying the legitimacy of trade partn...

Solution Proposal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solution Proposal Argument - Essay Example It all seems very promising. But it comes with some very serious potential consequences and side effects. The most severe of which is the way that genetic engineering could contribute drastically to a decrease in biodiversity. This is a serious problem. Background In order to understand the issue better, it is necessary to understand a little more about biodiversity, its importance, and what genetic engineering actually is and how it could negatively impact nature. Biodiversity represents the uniqueness of every living thing. It is part of nature’s formula for allowing development of some traits and characteristics that are beneficial to a species survival, and weeding out those that are less desirable.(Cho) Biodiversity is essential to satisfy all of our basic needs, like food, water, fuel, shelter and medicines. The primary sources of most medicines are plants and animals. In fact, in the United States, of the 150 most commonly prescribed drugs, they all find their origin in the biodiversity of nature. Properly functioning ecosystems rely on pollination, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, water purification, seed dispersal, and control of agricultural pests. If biodiversity was compromised then these ecosystems would change drastically or fail all together.("American Museum of Natural History") Genetic engineering would allow scientists to act in the place of nature. They can decide what traits are most desirable according to their design. Genetic engineering is a broad label for a number of different applications, from altering seeds to cloning, all fall under the label of genetic engineering. However, there are presently laws that heavily regulate certain types of genetic engineering research that can be performed relating to human beings, but plants and animals are being regularly researched. The likely loss of biodiversity and how to prevent it is a very relevant concern when considering how to balance the issue. Solutions Currently many food cr ops are being genetically altered to resist attack from parasites and pesticides. These resistant crops could flourish in areas where other crops previously had not. In the article, Mourning the Increasing Loss of Biodiversity, Mahjula V. Guru and James E. Horne, explain that the cultivation of sustainable crops has been through the hard work of our farming ancestors, which relied on the diversity of the plants to develop their place in the given environment. Genetically altered plants eliminate that adaption to the environment. Also, they warn against â€Å"genetic pollution† which is the unknown effects of these altered plants upon the existing crops and wild plant life. A process called â€Å"Tilling† has been suggested as a viable alternative to genetically engineered plant life. â€Å"Tilling,† which stands for Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes, where plants are exposed to radiation and chemicals that, ultimately, caused the targeted genes to deact ivate.("GMO Safety") The Bioplant company used this process to create amylose-free potatoes. This process had been in use for a long while and has been successful. However, because â€Å"Tilling† is not as finite and cannot offer the specificity that genetic engineering can; its efficiency, in the long term, is questioned. Then again, it may not be as efficient, but it has no

Sample content for either a book or magazine of your invention plus an Essay

Sample content for either a book or magazine of your invention plus an indicative publishing plan and a critical reflection - Essay Example R. (2003 is first ensuring that data stored in the computer is safely stored and only accessible to the people who have been authorized. This can be done by ensuring that your computer is locked with a not only a password but a strong password. A strong password is a password that is at least eight characters long. It should include a mixture of numeric, alphanumeric and symbols. Alphanumeric should include both uppercase and lowercase letters (Caldwell, 2003). The second thing to ensuring that your computer is safe is employing the use of an anti-virus. The anti-virus will according to Kaspersky lab, ensure that your computer is safe from viruses, worms, malicious codes and any suspicious software that are likely to affect the normal functioning of your computer (Caldwell, 2003). The anti-virus is capable of removing the malicious software from your computer. Not only should you ensure that you have an anti-virus, but also ensure that the anti-virus you choose to incorporate in your system in compatible with the computer programs installed. You should ensure also that the anti-virus’ performance is capable of reaching up to your personal needs and specifications. Ensuring that your computer programs and the operating system are up to date is also another way of ensuring that your computer stays safe. By keeping your operating system up to date for example, this will have the effect of ensuring that the security flaws that were present in the previous version are patched up. One should also ensure that their anti-virus software are up to date. This will give the computer users the confidence that their system will be free from any emerging viruses in the internet (Caldwell, 2003). In order for one to ensure security on-line, (Shneiderman, 2000) they have to ensure that their firewalls are turned on. A firewall is software that controls the traffic being received and being transmitted by a computer. It will help the user in

Excessive Police force In america Research Paper

Excessive Police force In america - Research Paper Example When the officer was being tried for killing, the jury was told to consider the following verdicts: second degree or involuntary manslaughter. The juror decided to charge him with involuntary manslaughter even after substantial evidence was provided. This kind of judgments also contributes a lot to police officers become brutal to their citizens. Even after congress had passed Violent Control and Law Enforcement Act, they have neglected their responsibility to continuously provide the necessary funds for its enactment. There is no need for the police to keep and criminal records since the legislations can handle this matter. It is quite unfortunate that the legislation department does not hold police officers responsible for their criminal acts and the violation of human rights. When police officers murder innocent citizens in America, they are most of the time charged with involuntary manslaughter. The definition of this term in legal terms is the unlawful killing of person that was done unintentionally (Alexander, 2005). May states in the world do not even have the proper definition of this term, thus many people go unpunished for the criminal act they have committed. Many people who are brutally murdered by the police officers rarely get justice. Even after a police officer is found guilty, his sentence is reduced. Some p olice officers are even released on parole when current fracas reduces and people have forgotten about the incident. When the court does not hold police officers accountable of his actions after committing a crime, citizens start demonstrating. The same police officers mishandle the citizens by arresting them in large numbers even if they are holding peaceful demonstrations. The citizens are disconnected to the police officers because of being handled heavily and brutally (Alexander, 2005). Families that are not served with justice after one of them is murdered are

Violence in the past Essay Example for Free

Violence in the past Essay Abigail has been the victim of violence in the past. In the play she tells the girls: I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night. This experience influences her actions later on in the play. She seeks vengeance in everything she does and she corrupts the characters in the play because she knows their weaknesses. Her actions are significant in this scene because it shows that she seeks vengeance in order to gain more power. Abigails actions are representative of the actions of government during the 1950s. Both the government and Abigail seek to manipulate the system to gain power (through Witch trials/McCarthy trials). Miller shows what power can do in the wrong hands and the way the government perverts the course of justice. Proctor opposes Abigail during the trial; he refuses to believe her lies and knows that she is being hypocritical. Proctor has considerable influence over the common man in Salem. His reputation is important to him and his dramatic confession how do you call heaven! Whore! Whore! is completely unexpected. This provokes sympathy from the audience. Proctor is now a known lecher and he tries to explain a man will not cast away his good name. This shows that Proctors reputation is important to him and he must protect it. Miller shows his own morals and ethics in Proctors character where Proctor sacrifices his good name. The implication is that Proctor did the right thing by confessing. It is also a dramatic turning point because he has effectively committed social suicide and this becomes the main focus in the trial. Miller wants the audience to understand that John Proctor has been tackling his conscience since his affair with Abigail. After his confession in Act Three he is overwhelmed by guilt and shame because he has disappointed his friends. Miller shows the audience the hardships faced by an individual to stand up to the rest of society. This idea comes from the way Miller stood up against McCarthyism and was scrutinised for it. Elizabeth Proctor is another character in the play that faces a moral dilemma. Upon entering the courtroom she is unaware of the events that precede her arrival. She is confused and this is noticeable from the faint way in which she speaks to Danforth. Both Abigail and Proctor are made to face their backs towards her so they cannot influence her testimony. This is a very tense moment in the play because the audience arent sure how Elizabeth will react under pressure. Throughout the play Elizabeth does not speak to Abigail but it is at this moment that the audience can feel her dislike and anger. When Danforth first questions Elizabeth about Abigail, she knows that John has been accused of lechery. Elizabeth doesnt know whether to choose to save her husbands reputation or to tell the court he has committed lechery and to live with the consequence. not knowing what to say, sensing a situation she begins to stall for time. As a Christian woman, Elizabeth believes that God condemns liars and if she lies her reputation will be tainted. Abigail has corrupted Elizabeth to the extent that she is now powerless and either choice she makes she will lose. The audience expects her response to be the truth and is shocked when she lies. She felt a great importance in telling the truth but she was overcome by emotion for Proctor and didnt want to see him get hurt. She has never committed a big sin in her life so when she lies, she knows that the guilt will follow her for the rest of her life Elizabeth is put under the most pressure in this scene and she is one of the victims of Abigails corruption. Miller wanted the audience to recognise that tragedies happen to good people and that the wicked can often escape their punishment. He shows that when a person has to decide between faith and love, human instinct can often overpower belief. Although Elizabeth wrestled with her conscience before making her decision but she felt that Johns life was more important. Her behaviour is significant in this scene because it is the first time in the play she shows how much she loves John. Reverend John Hale is an outsider and his judgment is not tainted by vengeance or personal responsibilities to the other villagers, he set out to find the devil in Salem. As a priest his duty is to council Christians to stay on the right path but his role in Salem changes. When he first arrives in Salem, he believes that the devil had taken over and he was sent to save them by using his books here is all the invisible world, caught, defined and calculated. In these books the devil stands stripped of all his brute disguises. As an educated man Hale is able to quickly judge a good person from a bad person which is illustrated when Hale first meets Rebecca Nurse. By Act Three Hale sees the truth about Salem and that it is not about witches but of vengeful girls. He learns that you cannot dictate human nature and the answer to the hysteria of the town lay in the people and not in his books. When Elizabeth comes into court and commits perjury he cannot take it anymore. He tells Danforth it is a natural lie to tell because he sympathises with Elizabeth and Proctor and he feels a bond with them. He explains that the trials were about private vengeance and not the devil but the court chooses to be ignorant. In anger he leaves the court I denounce these proceedings! I quit this court because he feels that there is nothing he can do. He is referred to as Pontius Pilate (Proctor-Act Two) because he washes his hands of logic and chooses to side with the court. In Act Three Hales conscience takes control of him because he cant accept Abigails treachery and corruption which caused the deaths of innocent people. I may shut my conscience to this no more he also feels partly responsible for what happened to the villagers. On page 91 Hale has a dramatic change and he makes his intentions clear for the first time in the play. His behaviour is significant in Act Three because he recognises changes in himself and other characters. He understood that Abigail was manipulating everyone around her and he saw her thirst for power. Millers purpose for creating Reverend Hale was to show an individual standing up to society and Miller saw his own attributes in Hale as he was asked to give names of communist sympathisers he had met at meetings. Miller couldnt do tell the courts the name of any communists because his conscience wouldnt allow it. Miller stood up to the injustices created by the government as Hale stands up to Danforth. It is argued that Arthur Millers purpose for writing The Crucible was to show a person status and the impact they made on society. It teaches that an individuals voice can influence others around them. In my opinion this scene is dramatically successful because it forces the audience to contemplate their own standing in society. It is also makes people aware of other injustices that are in any society, which makes the play intellectually stimulating. In Act Three, Millers intentions become clear by his use of language. A courtroom is the appropriate setting to play out Proctors confession because of the way it heightens the drama. The courtroom is parallel to Millers trial with the American government and he stood up to them and wasnt bullied by the authorities and these beliefs and morals are echoed into Proctors character. Proctor believes that the law and the government is unjust so he disagrees with Danforth and Hathorne it is hard to give a lie to dogs because he cannot forgive them for causing the death of his friends. Miller wants the audience to consider the roles the characters played in Salem and to ask themselves whether they would do the same allowing the audience to empathise with the characters. He wants them to question whether there are people like that in todays society and to make them question the world around them. The Crucible shows an awful chapter in human history which still has an impact on the world today. It shows that witches and communists could be equated because they were both victims of the government. Miller wanted to show that society hadnt learnt anything from the events that occurred in Salem and that what is manifestly parallel was the guilt, two centuries apart, of holding illicit, suppressed feelings of alienation and hostility . The government will stop anyone who poses a threat to the state (like Abigail). Including censorship of the Arts e. g. songs by artists like Eminem, whose lyrics scrutinise the actions of government. In response the government brands this behaviour as unpatriotic. The play therefore teaches us that people will always be used as scapegoats by the government because they will always be able to find victims. It shows us the reality of alienation and the power of paranoia, particularly in the way it clouds logic. We learn that as individuals we should avoid becoming the victim and should stand up for what we believe as both Proctor and Miller have done.