Human Sciences Essay Example

Human Sciences Essay Is religion really in decline in the west or is it merely changing? Seminal social theorists predicted the decline of religion in the modern era. It was widely postulated that there would be a transformation from a society characterised by strong religious values towards one, driven by secular ideology. The driving force in this transformation was to be the modernization and rationalization that accompanied the renaissance and the industrial revolution. Bruce (2002) suggested that science and the accompanying principles undermined the position of religion: it reduced the roles it played in wider society. From his perspective the more science progressed, religion simultaneously regressed. This essay will consider theoretical perspectives surrounding the evolution of religiosity in the west, and will determine the extent to which religion is declining based on statistical evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sciences specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sciences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sciences specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The word religion is often used without ascribing conscious thought to its definition. How we define religion is subject to debate and is largely dependant on the discipline one is defining it for. In sociology, it can be defined substantively, or functionally. Substantive definitions focus on characteristics of the content – for example, a belief in a supernatural being. Functional definitions focus instead, on the utility or the effect that religion has on the individual or group. The disparity between definitions is a large problem in assessing secularization: if we can’t adequately and consistently define the phenomenon, it becomes difficult to assess if it is changing. The pre-Industrial west can be characterised as deeply religious. According to Bruce (2002), nearly all members of society were familiar with religious teachings. Individuals mostly turned to the church, in illness, marriage, death and other major life changing occurrences. However, as the western world began to industrialize, we saw an increasingly secular society. This pattern is documented in the social surveys of the 20th century. There was a decline in church attendance, religious ceremonies and indices of belief. According to Voas (2003) church attendance in the UK has declined by 50% since the middle of the 19th century. Within the Secularization debate, scholars have exercised a variety of explanations for this, but broadly they manifest within the concepts of rationalism and modernity. One idea that explained the rise of rationalism and science was set out by Max Weber in the ‘Protestant ethic and the sprit of capitalism’. Here it was suggested that the age of enlightenment generated and orchestrated a change in the way individuals viewed the world. Rationalism was thought to have rendered the central claims of the world religions as unsubstantiable and therefore questionable. Science began to literally breakdown the vestiges of religious dogma. For example, Darwin’s theory of evolution challenged the evangelical understanding proposed in the book of Genesis. Weber argued that religion itself, could actually lead people to capitalism. He made a distinction between two types of asceticism, one of which, only began to develop after the protestant revolution. Weber suggested that prior to this, ‘otherworldly-asceticism’ was the only to exist, and predominantly among the very pious in society. Monks often lived in isolation in monasteries to remove themselves from societal temptations. Martin Luther, a key initiator of the protestant revolution, argued that hard work and good performance worked to glorify the individual in the light of God. Protestantism began to discourage the idea that individuals could simply admit to their sins in order to achieve absolution. An anxiety therefore began to build amongst particular Protestants. For instance, Calvinism taught predestination, which suggested that God had already decided each person’s fate after death. Weber argues that this anxiety and pressure, actually led people to deve lop a ‘this-world- asceticism’. Individuals began to invest more of their time and energy on work, in order to avoid the temptations of sin. Success to some was considered an indication of salvation. A ‘protestant-work-ethic’ evolved and many argue resulted in the relatively premature development of capitalist ideology in particular countries. Weber comments that capitalism undermined religious commitments as it shifted the focus away from religiosity as a whole. Bruce (2002) postulated that modernization resulted in structural specialisation/ differentiation. This means that as society began to modernise, institutions and roles began to become specialised. Religion used to hold a monopoly on several social functions, which include education, health care, and welfare assistance. Modernity and industrial growth generated income that could be invested in the specific needs of society, outside of religious influence. Differentiation resulted in the creation of more diverse work opportunities, which undermined the feudal nature of preceding institutions. The additional working opportunities filled in the gap between the gentry and the working classes. An egalitarian mentality developed, which according to Bruce (2002) made hereditary inequalities and hierarchies more difficult to sustain. The reformation worked to encourage individualism, autonomy and individual thought (Martin 1978). Religion or Beliefs systems differ in their ability to cater for varying interpretations. For instance, some religions may claim a monopoly on a singular truth, whilst others may allow for slight variations. Individuals for the first time began to challenge the ‘truths’ proposed by belief systems. Particular religious institutions, which failed to accommodate or adequately address certain concerns, were left vulnerable to schism, and reduced membership. It became possible for individuals to maintain and perhaps even improve their social status. Particular roles in society began to shift in their degrees of power. The clergy for example, could be seen in some ways to posses a similar social status to a doctor, irrespective of the belief system to which the doctor belonged. Societalization is a term coined by (Wilson 1982) which describes the transition from numerous small close-knit communities to larger industrialized cities. This community to society transition, perpetuated by the industrial revolution, had several implications to religion. Firstly, it became very difficult for a religion to maintain a single moral belief system. Larger cities allow for smaller competing belief systems to develop and grow. Larger cities also carried with them a larger stress profile: people had to work longer hours to sustain continual development. A larger and more successful economy necessitated the evolution of a new culture: driven by law, communication, trust, science, and less by religion. An improvement in education accompanied economic growth. With an improvement in literacy, a larger cohort was able to address religious questions themselves by reading holy texts. Prior to this, there was reliance, and almost a passive acceptance of religious teachings administered by religious leaders. Individuals were able to draw their own conclusions. The bible was also translated in a variety of languages, which increased access. Personal interpretations and conclusions resulted in increased Schisms and sect formations. The rising working class moved forward to more democratic and represented religions like the Baptists and Presbyterians. The effects of increased economic growth can be said to reduce religious significance for other reasons likewise. According to Durkheim, in the Elementary forms of religious life (1912), religion in itself is not simply a set of beliefs and ideas (as assumed by Weber), but it also incorporates a entire systems of actions that involve formal rituals and ceremonies. He suggested that these systems of actions are important because they served a functional purpose of sustaining social solidarity, order, and cohesion. He proposed that religion serves to manage individuals in times of crisis. For instance, in death the church offers a funeral service that helps to prevent breakdown. The poor often also found solace in religion in its promise of a better after life. However, as society became more affluent, and technology progressed more middle class jobs became available and therefore individuals felt less of a need to be comforted by a better life in heaven. Similarly, as health care impr oved sudden and unfortunate deaths became less common, so individuals turned to the church less for comfort.

Free Essays on Thomas Edison Time Line

1868 * Invented the electrical vote recorder. 1869 * Invented the universal stock ticker and the unison stop. 1872 * Invented the motograph. * Invented the automatic telegraph system. * Invented duplex, quadruplex, sextuplex, and multiplex telegraph systems. * Invented paraffin paper. * Invented the carbon rheostat. 1875 * Discovered "Etheric Force," an electric phenomenon that is the foundation of wireless telegraphy. 1876 * Invented the electric pen used for the first mimeographs. 1877 * Invented the carbon telephone transmitter, making telephony commercially practical. This included the microphone used in radio. 1877 * Invented the phonograph. This was Edison's favorite invention. He sponsored the Edison Phonograph Polka to help popularize the new device. 1879 * Discovered incandescent light. * Radically improved dynamos and generators. * Discovered a system of distribution, regulation, and measurement of electric current-switches, fuses, sockets, and meters. 1880 * Invented the magnetic ore separator. 1880 * Discovered the "Edison Effect," the fundamental principle of electronics. 1885 * Discovered a system of wireless induction telegraph between moving trains and stations. He also patented similar systems for ship-to-shore use. 1891 * Invented the motion picture camera. 1896 * Invented the fluoroscope. * Invented the fluorescent electric lamp. 1900 * Invented the nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery. 1914 * Invented the electric safety miner's lamp. * Discovered the process for manufacturing synthetic carbolic acid. 1915 * Conducted special experiments on more than 40 major war problems for the Navy Department. Edison served as Chairman of the Naval Consulting Board and did much other work on National Defense. 1927-1931 * Tested 17,000 plants for rubber content as a source of rubber in war emergencies. A piece of vulcanized rubber was made from a Goldenrod strain he d... Free Essays on Thomas Edison Time Line Free Essays on Thomas Edison Time Line 1868 * Invented the electrical vote recorder. 1869 * Invented the universal stock ticker and the unison stop. 1872 * Invented the motograph. * Invented the automatic telegraph system. * Invented duplex, quadruplex, sextuplex, and multiplex telegraph systems. * Invented paraffin paper. * Invented the carbon rheostat. 1875 * Discovered "Etheric Force," an electric phenomenon that is the foundation of wireless telegraphy. 1876 * Invented the electric pen used for the first mimeographs. 1877 * Invented the carbon telephone transmitter, making telephony commercially practical. This included the microphone used in radio. 1877 * Invented the phonograph. This was Edison's favorite invention. He sponsored the Edison Phonograph Polka to help popularize the new device. 1879 * Discovered incandescent light. * Radically improved dynamos and generators. * Discovered a system of distribution, regulation, and measurement of electric current-switches, fuses, sockets, and meters. 1880 * Invented the magnetic ore separator. 1880 * Discovered the "Edison Effect," the fundamental principle of electronics. 1885 * Discovered a system of wireless induction telegraph between moving trains and stations. He also patented similar systems for ship-to-shore use. 1891 * Invented the motion picture camera. 1896 * Invented the fluoroscope. * Invented the fluorescent electric lamp. 1900 * Invented the nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery. 1914 * Invented the electric safety miner's lamp. * Discovered the process for manufacturing synthetic carbolic acid. 1915 * Conducted special experiments on more than 40 major war problems for the Navy Department. Edison served as Chairman of the Naval Consulting Board and did much other work on National Defense. 1927-1931 * Tested 17,000 plants for rubber content as a source of rubber in war emergencies. A piece of vulcanized rubber was made from a Goldenrod strain he d...

Film or Play Review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film or Play - Movie Review Example In order to avoid Antonia and Alonzo, he proceeds to create his own kingdom in a remote island in Greek with Miranda, Aretha, his mistress, and Kalibanos, a goat herder and the only inhabitant on the island before Philip arrives. On this magical island with surreally beautiful scenery, the obsession of Philip unfolds. His exercise of power affects the agency of characters who are already marginalized by their race, gender, and social status. In addition, Philip’s character also serves as a critique of an upper-middle class male who occupies a high social status but is oppressed by people who possess even more wealth and social capital that him. Unlike Shakespeare’s Prospero, the protagonist of the film Philip, performed by John Cassavetes is portrayed as a miserable middle-aged man who is tired of his career and social life. On the other hand, his employer Alonzo is extremely upbeat and ambitious, even though he appears to be much older than Philip. Instead of having an Antonio figure in the film to rebel against the protagonist, Mazursky chooses to transform that character into Antonia. This is an interesting move that will affect the audience’s feeling towards Philip as Antonia is a loyal but frustrated wife instead of an antagonistic character, the audience is less likely to be sympathetic towards Philip. Antonia’s hair style and clothing highlights her confidence and femininity, which seems to intimidate Philip. Another interesting female character in the film is Aretha, the Ariel figure in Shakespeare’s original play. She dons an airy white and half transparent gown throughout the whole mov ie, complementing the serenity of the island. Here Mazursky once again plays on the idea of masculinity and femininity. Philip explicitly refuses to have sex with Aretha without explaining the reason. It seems that Philip remains insecure about his power as a man after being oppressed and cheated respectively by Alonzo

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 20

Strategic Management - Essay Example The company believes in developing exceptional flow experience for its people. In this study different strategic frameworks have been included to determine strategic position of the firm in market place. These models are PESTLE analysis, Porter’s five forces model, competitor array, strategic group mapping, GE-McKinsey 9 box matrix, Bowman’s strategy clock, Ansoff’s matrix and TOWS matrix. The digital marketing strategy of the company has been outlined which shall support KONE in terms of offering new products to new geographical markets. There is intense competition in the industry and it can be addressed only through implementing innovating business strategies. KONE needs to explore new market opportunities through offering new products to target segment. Digital marketing strategies shall help the firm to easily access target market and acquire desirable profit margins. The mission or value statement of the company is to create best flow experience for people. KONE is regarded as the global leader in context of elevator industry. From past many years the company is actively indulged in offering superior quality escalators or elevators to its client base. KONE aims at achieving cost competitiveness and operational excellence through innovative processes and people leadership. KONE’s strategic objectives can be divided into four dimensions such as expanding base of loyal customers, initiating employee empowerment, enabling best experience for users and seeking profitable growth. Financial objective is to grow at a rapid rate in comparison to market growth rate. KONE aims at enhancing working capital rotation and reaching 16% EBIT. External environmental analysis indicates all possible external influences which have significant impact on business operations. KONE Great Britain has been operating in elevator and escalator industry from past many years. The entire business operations of KONE can be categorized into two distinct

Compare the impacts that Mable has on the drama in making history to Essay

Compare the impacts that Mable has on the drama in making history to that of Tailor and Ella in vernon god little - Essay Example character of Mable definitely commands a considerable influence over the male protagonist in ‘Making History’, the characters named Taylor and Ella push the male protagonist in ‘Vernon God Little’ in two utterly diverse situations that further adds to the conflict of characters and situations inherent in this drama. ‘Making History’ by Brian Friel is a historical play that deals with a unique moment in the Iris history defined by a tribal chief Hugh O’Neill. This play is as much a dramatical elaboration of the historical facts, as an amorphous display of the human endowments like the strength of character, frailty of temperament, identity and pride. O’Neil is delineated by the writer as an astute character that is discernibly torn between his loyalty for Queen Elizabeth who elevated him to the position of Earl of Tyrone and his devotion to the Catholic cause in which he is aided by Archbishop Lombard and his close friend Hugh O’Donnell. If history could be interpreted as a conflict between a thesis and antithesis that is eventually resolved through synthesis, then the character of Mable is certainly the one that helps in bringing to fore this conflict inherent in O’Neill’s consciousness. In fact Mable is the one that to a great extent unravels the duplicity and complexity inherent in O’Neill’s character to which Lombard alludes to as a â€Å"random catalogue of deliberate achievement and sheer accident (Making History 67).† Thus ‘Making History’ involves mature characters with complex and intricate personalities. Hence the influence of Mable in this play is very subtle, refined and indirect that most of the times borders on the verge of unpredictability and nebulousness. On the contrary, the impact of Taylor and Ella in ‘Vernon God Little’ is not so wispy and suave though being influential as this play is more of a contemporary urban sociological commentary that relies on the intricacy of events then on the complexity of

Fossil Fuels: Causing Climate Change

Fossil Fuels: Causing Climate Change The problems of all of humanity can only be solved by all humanity. -Swiss author Friedrich DÃ ¼rrenmatt Generally, the climate of our planet has always changed over the time since many years ago. However, Climate change has recently become a common issue in our daily lives. It has gained much attention from worldwide countries as it has affected many regions in the form of disasters. In most of the time, climate change is brought about by an increasing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere especially CO2. NOAA whose measuring location is Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii shows that the level of atmospheric CO2 keeps increasing every year. For example, it rose from 387.74ppm to 390.09ppm between 2009 and 2010 (NOAA, 2010). And this is resulted from different kinds of human activities which released CO2 into atmosphere every day. As a result of that, it has brought up a question which remains debatable among the society; is the climate change mainly induced by human? Due to the greenhouse gas emissions by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation and growing world population, it is beyond doubt that climate change is mainly caused by human. This report will indicate the greenhouse gas emissions by human activities can induce the change in global climate. Furthermore, the research results are related to the United States of America, China and some European countries, because these countries are considered as worlds significant emitters of greenhouse gases. 2.0 BODY OF REPORT 2.1 Fossil fuels share a large proportion in greenhouse gas emissions Fossil fuels are materials of biological origin occurring within the Earths crust that can be used as a source of energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas etc (fossil fuel, 2010). The burning of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases directly to the atmosphere and are mostly used for the purpose of energy production, transportation, manufacturing and home or buildings heating. In addition, fossil fuels are the key source for human to generate energy; it provides 80% of the commercial energy supply. It is also a significant anthropogenic factor of greenhouse gases emissions. Most of global greenhouse gases are emitted by fossil fuel production and consumption. For instance, fossil fuels account for 70% of carbon dioxide (CO2), 29% of methane (CH4) and 20% of nitrous oxide (N2O). (Dawson Spannagle2009, p.184) At the same time, industrial Revolution is known as a starting point for the fossil fuel era, it induces a rapid rise in greenhouse gases in the air. Some believe that climate change is not necessarily caused by fossil fuels because more than half of the current changes occurred before the Industrial Revolution. There is no doubt that most of the changes existed before the Industrial Revolution. However, by looking at the rate of greenhouse gas emissions over the years after the Industrial Revolution, it indicates that fossil fuels have to be responsible for the change in global climate. This can be proved by Archer and Rahmstorf (2010); they claimed that due to an increase in the fossil fuel consumption by human, there is a rise in the rate of atmospheric CO2 by 20% higher than the rate before the Industrial Revolution, so do the other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4). Hence, fossil fuels share a large proportion in greenhouse gases emissions. For example, Chinas economy has grown quickly since 2000, and China has become one of the most noticeable emitters of C02 due to a persistent increase in fossil fuel consumption for energy production. The energy consumption in China increased by 14% in 2004, 15% in 2005 and 11% in 2006, therefore, fossil fuel consumption also increased which leads the amount of atmospheric CO2 to rise. (Dawson Spannagle2009, p.21) Similarly, according to Environmental Protection Agency (2010), the main source of greenhouse gases emissions especially CO2 is from fossil fuels combustion. The process of electricity generation accounts 41% of the CO2 emission in the United States, whereby the transportation is the second largest source. In addition, the industrial process and product uses can also produce the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N20) and other gases in the form of by- product. Some have argued that fossil fuels would not be blamed for the climate change because the consumption of fossil fuels has improved our living standard and the development of the economy. However, as the fossil fuels continue releasing a vast amount of greenhouse gases into the air, it will eventually affect human society and economy earlier than what it is expected to be. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that the fossil fuel consumption is expected to increase and the atmospheric CO2 concentrations will reach 550 ppm by 2035- 2040 which will result in serious climate change (Dawson Spannagle2009, p.186). In conclusion, fossil fuels are definitely a main cause of climate change by releasing a vast amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Clearly, humans are responsible for the climate change. Maglev trains: An analysis Maglev trains: An analysis MAGLEV trains are a form of transportation that includes science of magnets and implies the future of transportation technology. So what are MAGLEV trains? MAGLEV stands for magnetic levitation which means it uses magnetic forces to move and travel. Even though this technology might seem very futuristic, it has a history that goes back to 1900s! It didnt start at 1909 but an American rocket scientist by the name of Robert Goddard thought of transportation system vehicles that levitated for high speed transport. Also a French engineer, Bachelet, built a model train that levitated using similar designs today. Even though these early scientists thought of this idea, they couldnt find out a way to make this kind of transportation. It wasnt until at around 1960s MAGLEV transportation research resumed. This was when technology had been more modern. James Powell Gordon Danby developed designs for MAGLEV trains. By early 1970s, the States had began testing reduced scaled models of magnetic levitation. Finally, Stanford Research Institute had tested a half-ton vehicle for magnetic levitation, leading to construction of more advanced technology. This eventually lead to invention of a MAGLEV train that could aboard people safely. In 1984 the first commercialized Maglev train was officially open in England. In Japan, 2 trains were constructed and they held the fastest speeds yet, 581 km/h (2003). The maglev trains were and still are, built throughout the world and still they are being redesigned to make it faster and better. So, after reading about the long history of this fascinating technology one thing sticks in mind, 581 km/h?! Yes, this is not some false calculation or something of that sort. So if this train can go 581 km/h then what is it made out of? This technology can be simple or very complicated, remembering that scientists Robert Goddard and Bachelet couldnt find out the formula of this system. So how does it work? The title says it all, magnetic levitation, magnets that are repelling each other so that there can be levitation. It cant be any simpler than that, but this is what the title means. Lets see how the technology works throughout the process. If you ever played with magnet before, then you should know by now that opposites attract and alike repel. This is the basic principle of electromagnetic propulsion. This is what the train is using in basic terms. On the maglev track, there is a magnetized coil going along the track which repels the large magnets on the train. This allows the train to levitate from between 1 to 10cm above the coil or guideway. As the train is levitated, a unique system is created of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the track as power is supplied to the guideway. The power or electric current that is supplied to the coils is constantly alternating to change the polarity, causing the magnetic field in front of the train to pull and the magnetic field begin to push. Maglev trains float on a thin layer of air which eliminates friction. This makes the trains speeds go more than 500 km/h. This brief explanation of how it works probably helped why it went so fast and also how the system works. This train might sound all very good and youre probably thinking why doesnt everybody get this? Well there are the negative sides to this too. The probably #1 for most problem is the cost. These trains can get very handy and also are very eco-friendly to the environment just that they are close to 4~5 billion dollars to build one train system in each section. So, that is probably why this train is not in every country. Also the maglev trains have other issues like no magnetic data storage- hard drives, credit cards, separation between train and guideway has to be monitored at all times because of instability of electromagnets, and etc. Even though the trains seem to be fine in the present right now, there are still more being built and more to come. There are many maglev systems being proposed in North America, Asia and Europe. Also there are at least 10 plans for separate U.S lines in the systems. The technology is slowly being developed everyday and so are maglev trains. There are many new theories and new developments being made and thought for the maglev systems still today.

FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme

FDI in Real Estate of India and China FDI refers to the investment made by a foreign individual or company in productive capacity of another country for example, the purchase or construction of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a controlling interest in existing operations and businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). Multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, access lucrative or emerging markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in developing countries are FDI investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment which may cross borders, but does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as ‘multinational enterprises’ (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or greater of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting power for an unincorporated firm or development of a greenfield branch plant that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm. Types of FDI: Greenfield investment: direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nation’s promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the principal mode of investing in developing countries. Mergers and Acquisitions: occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of development Attraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. However this is often based on the implicit assumption that greater inflows of FDI will bring certain benefits to the country’s economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some of which are: †¢ Builders and developers can construct the property and then hand it over to the retailers. †¢ There is also the possibility of exploring joint venture collaborations. In this format the builder shall be responsible for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the building and further be responsible for the maintenance and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended scope of getting into retail in a joint venture format. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value addition from another industry segment. Relaxing the existing 100 acres norm for the FDI inflow into real estate sector would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in integrated townships). FDI in Real Estate of India and China Essay -- Foreign Direct Investme FDI in Real Estate of India and China FDI refers to the investment made by a foreign individual or company in productive capacity of another country for example, the purchase or construction of a factory. FDI also refers to the purchase of a controlling interest in existing operations and businesses (known as mergers and acquisitions). Multinational firms seeking to tap natural resources, access lucrative or emerging markets, and keep production costs down by accessing low-wage labour pools in developing countries are FDI investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. Thus it is distinct from portfolio investment which may cross borders, but does not offer such control. Firms which source FDI are known as ‘multinational enterprises’ (MNEs). In this case control is defined as owning 10% or greater of the ordinary shares of an incorporated firm, having 10% or more of the voting power for an unincorporated firm or development of a greenfield branch plant that is a permanent establishment of the originating firm. Types of FDI: Greenfield investment: direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nation’s promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. Greenfield investments are the principal mode of investing in developing countries. Mergers and Acquisitions: occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Mergers and acquisitions are the principal mode of investing in developed countries. The pros and cons of FDI as a source of development Attraction of FDI is becoming increasingly important for developing countries. However this is often based on the implicit assumption that greater inflows of FDI will bring certain benefits to the country’s economy. FDI, like ... ...rmats, some of which are: †¢ Builders and developers can construct the property and then hand it over to the retailers. †¢ There is also the possibility of exploring joint venture collaborations. In this format the builder shall be responsible for identifying and acquiring land, constructing the building and further be responsible for the maintenance and the upkeep of the premises. The retailer in this format shall then be responsible to bring in the brands in the building. This format provides the construction industry an extended scope of getting into retail in a joint venture format. This shall not be limited to the FDI scenario but can work well in the Indian retail industry scenario as well. This type of model lets the core business, which is construction, development and maintenance, get a value addition from another industry segment. Relaxing the existing 100 acres norm for the FDI inflow into real estate sector would help speed up construction works in the economy. It is difficult to get 100 acres in the urban areas, to enable foreign firms to build on plots starting from 25 acres against the current stipulation of 100 acres (applicable only in integrated townships).

Dylan and Dickinson : A Comparative View of Death Essay

â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† and â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night† are poems written by different authors in different time periods.   â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is a poem written by Emily Dickinson in which death is personified.   â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night† is   poem written by Dylan Thomas in which confront death and the death of his father is recounted.   Thomas and Dickinson use the same dominant recurring images to explore the archetypal themes of birth, time, and death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Questioning traditional values and   redefining religion was a common theme throughout the 1900s.   Religion in the past offered reasons for why certain natural things occurred.   Darwin developed his theories on natural selection and the public was educated.   It was no longer God that chooses what happens it is nature (Conlin 782).   In the past death was seen as a normal part of life, and that god is control of who and when death occurs. In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night,† Dylan challenges the reader to defy God, and nature and fight against death.   In line 2, Dylan writes â€Å"Old age should burn and rave at the close of the day†.   Dylan means that even people at the end of their life should fight for every breath.   He also writes â€Å"Good men†¦Wild men†¦Grave men† – all mean should wrestle death and keep life in their grasps.   Exploring death as not just God determined event but an event in which each individual can play active role in, is a common theme found throughout the 20th  century in literature, poetry, and public debate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dickinson takes a more passive and reflective approach.   Dickinson’s primary intent is not either hope for immortality or the experience of living with the knowledge of death.   Both are traditional interpretations of â€Å"Because Death Could Not Stop for Me,† but certainly not the only two possible ones.   Death is described by Dickinson as an unintelligent betrayer. His â€Å"kindness† and â€Å"civility† and supposed immorality are just illusions to make the narrator and every living person go quietly with death.   Dickinson did not write for an audience.   She was not trying to inspire or educate.   After experiencing the death of several people close to her, Dickinson was grieving, angry, and confused.   The narrator of the poem was not prepared for death.   In line 15 – 16, â€Å"For only gossamer my gown, / My tippet only tulle,† the narrator was not dressed, wearing only underclothes or night gown, when death came for her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fragmented society, and deeply painful world events is also reflected in 20th  century literature.   Much of poetry written during this time is considered incoherent or fragmented, and certainly this Dylan Thomas poem is disjointed (Banks, par 8).   While the poem does have a rhyme scheme to each verse much of the text is incomplete or missing words.   The verses are written like sentences but lack the grammar and structure of a true sentence. Also in line 2, Old age should be burn and rave at close of day†, Dylan writes leaving out   the definite article â€Å"the† before close.   Dylan purposely removes or leaves out words.   He does this to forcibly pace the reading of the poetry so that it more closely resembles human thought (Cyr, par 14).   This lack of grammar and traditional forms is a quality found in 1900s literature.   Authors during this time fought against the norms of society and the rules that society placed on everyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern poets love to shake, shock, and disgust the reader.   They do this to spring the reader the into action, even if that action is to hate the poem and the author.   They want for the audience to feel something, and feel it intensely.   In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good nightâ€Å", Dylan uses the technique of repetition of a particular line to drill his message into the minds of the audience. â€Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light (ln 3, 6, 9 12, 19),† write Dylan Thomas to poke at the reader hoping the ensues agitation makes them wonder why, and then how.   The meter of the line reminds the reader of someone knocking against their coffin – knock, knock against the coffin. (Westphal, par 4)   Demanding the audience to grab at their last breath from death.   20th  century authors struggle to motivate society to become active and involved in their lives, even if that motivation comes from fear and anger.  Ã‚   The use of rhythm and repetition can also be seen in Dickinson’s work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sad thoughtfulness can be found in stanza 2 and the beginning of stanza 3.   The narrator describes several things while traveling with death – children playing, field of grain, and the sunset.   After passing these things the narrator has a realization and comments â€Å"Or rather, be passed us; â€Å"   It was the narrator and death were actually stilling still and life was moving pass them.   Languor or listlessness can be seen in line 5, â€Å"we slowly drove† and â€Å"he knew no haste.†Ã‚   The narrator also stopped her daily activities because of death, and states â€Å"And I had put away / My labor, and my leisure too.† The tone of repressed terror is created by the following lines : line 3 â€Å"The carriage held but just ourselves†, line 14 â€Å"The dews grew quivering and chill.†Ã‚   Each creates the feeling of emptiness, loneliness, and the bitter cold of literal loss and physical death.   The poem also has a tone of mature resignation.   The narrator is not fighting death.   The narrator is not shocked at his arrival or that trip they take together.   If read in the right way the rhythm is slow and monotone.   The sound of slow horses’ hooves hitting the grove and is almost like death march.   The tone is not sad but calm, reserved, and excepting that death is an inevitable part of existing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The philosophical issues of life are explored by both Emily Dickinson and Dylan Thomas.   While decades a part in their lives they choose to explore the issues of time, death, and birth in their poetry again and again.   Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† breathes life into Death creating a character that is kind in appearance but cruel in action. The emphasis of her poem is death and the feeling of dying saturates the entire prose.   Whereas Thomas chooses to celebrate life and the living in his poem â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into This Good Night†Ã‚   It is only the last three lines of the poem that he addresses death at all.   Both author skillfully use the images of the death, dying, and light to convey their own opinions on the archetypal motifs of birth, death, and life. Works Citied Bianchi, Martha Dickinson, and Alfred Leete Hampson, eds. Unpublished Poems of Emily Dickinson. Boston: Little, Brown, 1936. Conlin, Joseph R. The American Past. 7th ed. Belmont: Thomson, 2004. Thomas, Dylan. â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night.† The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas. New York: New Directions, 1953: 128. Westphal, Jonathan. â€Å"Thomas’s `Do not go gentle into that goodnight.'† The Explicator 52.2 (1994): 113-15.

10 Great Study Tips for Students - EssaySupply.com

10 Great Study Tips for Students 10 Great Study Tips for Students Create a Comfortable Yet Business Like Space to Study If you grew up like many other students, you may have been taught that the ideal study spot is barren and isolated. Old logic said that the place that you studied must be quiet, well lit, away from distractions, and that any background noise was strictly forbidden. Hogwash! Blaring music and leaving your door open to visitors might not be a good idea, however there is nothing wrong or damaging with wanting to study with background music or with people nearby. Tackle the Hard Tasks First Before you begin studying, take a survey of the things you need to work on. Ask yourself which items stand out as being tedious, difficult, or time consuming. Then, focus on those tasks first. After that, you can work through all of the other items on your list with relative ease. After all, you have knocked out the ugliest task. Don't Forget SQ3R Do you remember learning this in elementary school. SQ3R stood for survey, question, read, recite, and review. In other words you survey the textbook to get a basic idea of what you should know, you develop a set of questions about what you will learn, you read the text thoroughly, and then you verbally answer those questions. Finally, you review your notes. Only Study Until You Know the Subject Matter Studying a concept that you already know doesn't make you understand things more, it just steals the chance for you to work on other subjects or just relax. Consider using a flashcard app that will determine facts you no longer need to know. Don't be Ashamed to Access Good Essays Online Sometimes, you simply need help. If you need writing help, don't feel ashamed to look into using a service like to help you with your writing assignments. You can take advantage of the extra help by focusing on other important assignments. Never Study on an Empty Stomach There are few things that are more distracting than hunger. If you keep some healthy snacks on hand while you study, you will be more alert, and you will retain more information. In addition to this, scheduling snack breaks is a perfect way to give yourself the opportunity to step away from your work for a brief period of time. Then, when your break is over you can start studying again with a refreshed state of mind. Recruit a Good Study Partner Studying in pairs can be a great idea. You can quiz each other, discuss concepts, and keep one another on task. You and your study partner can even provide one another with some needed distraction. Just make sure that you and your partner can stay on task. Organize Your Notes Using a Good App Not only can you use an app like Evernote to take notes, you can organize those notes into projects. Better yet, you can share those notes in order to collaborate with others. Consider Joining a Study Group Study groups create a sense of camaraderie and accountability. This is a great way to force yourself to keep up academically. Learn When Sleep Trumps Hitting the Books All nighters are rarely effective. Know when to shelve the books and simply get a good night of sleep.

Cs essays

Chinese Rejection of L/Cs essays The financing of trade transactions in China is relatively straightforward following international practice regarding letters of credit (L/Cs). In China the main attraction of L/Cs is that they guarantee payment and receipt of title from an independent party (a bank), as long as commercial and shipping documents are presented in accordance with the L/C, regardless of the underlying contract. What makes L/C use unique in the PRC is that the government does not allow foreign banks to confirm L/Cs issued by domestic banks, a practice common overseas. Normally, the confirming bank assumes the responsibility to pay on the issuing bank's behalf. This is quite valuable when the transaction is on the riskier side. Today, the Agricultural Bank of China and Everbright Bank of China are willing to issue (open) confirmation L/Cs on behalf of other smaller Chinese banks. A single bank, the Bank of China, is often the only option for Chinese companies who desire a L/C, because the other banks, in cluding the big four commercial banks are often not very conversant with international trade practices, international banking and transaction. This gives the Bank of China a monotony type control over the L/C process and leads to very strict control as they get thousands of L/Cs. Chinese contracts may contain a clause stating that payment will be made only after clearing Customs. This puts the foreign seller in a precarious position as even the smallest discrepancy may cause delay in customs clearance and thus delay payment. These types of delays are not uncommon. For example if market price has dropped, the buyer may simply refuse to begin customs clearance or find a trivial technical excuse to avoid paying for the goods. Therefore the contract should be appropriately worded. To avoid these types of problems one should screen the trade partners carefully. A number of consulting firms are present who assist in verifying the legitimacy of trade partn...

Solution Proposal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solution Proposal Argument - Essay Example It all seems very promising. But it comes with some very serious potential consequences and side effects. The most severe of which is the way that genetic engineering could contribute drastically to a decrease in biodiversity. This is a serious problem. Background In order to understand the issue better, it is necessary to understand a little more about biodiversity, its importance, and what genetic engineering actually is and how it could negatively impact nature. Biodiversity represents the uniqueness of every living thing. It is part of nature’s formula for allowing development of some traits and characteristics that are beneficial to a species survival, and weeding out those that are less desirable.(Cho) Biodiversity is essential to satisfy all of our basic needs, like food, water, fuel, shelter and medicines. The primary sources of most medicines are plants and animals. In fact, in the United States, of the 150 most commonly prescribed drugs, they all find their origin in the biodiversity of nature. Properly functioning ecosystems rely on pollination, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, water purification, seed dispersal, and control of agricultural pests. If biodiversity was compromised then these ecosystems would change drastically or fail all together.("American Museum of Natural History") Genetic engineering would allow scientists to act in the place of nature. They can decide what traits are most desirable according to their design. Genetic engineering is a broad label for a number of different applications, from altering seeds to cloning, all fall under the label of genetic engineering. However, there are presently laws that heavily regulate certain types of genetic engineering research that can be performed relating to human beings, but plants and animals are being regularly researched. The likely loss of biodiversity and how to prevent it is a very relevant concern when considering how to balance the issue. Solutions Currently many food cr ops are being genetically altered to resist attack from parasites and pesticides. These resistant crops could flourish in areas where other crops previously had not. In the article, Mourning the Increasing Loss of Biodiversity, Mahjula V. Guru and James E. Horne, explain that the cultivation of sustainable crops has been through the hard work of our farming ancestors, which relied on the diversity of the plants to develop their place in the given environment. Genetically altered plants eliminate that adaption to the environment. Also, they warn against â€Å"genetic pollution† which is the unknown effects of these altered plants upon the existing crops and wild plant life. A process called â€Å"Tilling† has been suggested as a viable alternative to genetically engineered plant life. â€Å"Tilling,† which stands for Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes, where plants are exposed to radiation and chemicals that, ultimately, caused the targeted genes to deact ivate.("GMO Safety") The Bioplant company used this process to create amylose-free potatoes. This process had been in use for a long while and has been successful. However, because â€Å"Tilling† is not as finite and cannot offer the specificity that genetic engineering can; its efficiency, in the long term, is questioned. Then again, it may not be as efficient, but it has no

Sample content for either a book or magazine of your invention plus an Essay

Sample content for either a book or magazine of your invention plus an indicative publishing plan and a critical reflection - Essay Example R. (2003 is first ensuring that data stored in the computer is safely stored and only accessible to the people who have been authorized. This can be done by ensuring that your computer is locked with a not only a password but a strong password. A strong password is a password that is at least eight characters long. It should include a mixture of numeric, alphanumeric and symbols. Alphanumeric should include both uppercase and lowercase letters (Caldwell, 2003). The second thing to ensuring that your computer is safe is employing the use of an anti-virus. The anti-virus will according to Kaspersky lab, ensure that your computer is safe from viruses, worms, malicious codes and any suspicious software that are likely to affect the normal functioning of your computer (Caldwell, 2003). The anti-virus is capable of removing the malicious software from your computer. Not only should you ensure that you have an anti-virus, but also ensure that the anti-virus you choose to incorporate in your system in compatible with the computer programs installed. You should ensure also that the anti-virus’ performance is capable of reaching up to your personal needs and specifications. Ensuring that your computer programs and the operating system are up to date is also another way of ensuring that your computer stays safe. By keeping your operating system up to date for example, this will have the effect of ensuring that the security flaws that were present in the previous version are patched up. One should also ensure that their anti-virus software are up to date. This will give the computer users the confidence that their system will be free from any emerging viruses in the internet (Caldwell, 2003). In order for one to ensure security on-line, (Shneiderman, 2000) they have to ensure that their firewalls are turned on. A firewall is software that controls the traffic being received and being transmitted by a computer. It will help the user in